[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":7236},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-knt":3},[4,424,1223,1697,2283,3411,4065],{"id":5,"title":6,"body":7,"class":406,"description":407,"extension":408,"meta":409,"navigation":410,"path":412,"pdfDownload":413,"scope":414,"scopeName":415,"seo":416,"stem":417,"subject":418,"subjectName":419,"type":420,"typeName":421,"year":422,"__hash__":423},"faecher\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa1.md","Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 1",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":399},"minimark",[10,15,23,28,56,60,81,85,219,225,229,303,308,312,319,354,358,374,378,394],[11,12,14],"h1",{"id":13},"protokolle-und-modelle","Protokolle und Modelle",[16,17,18,22],"p",{},[19,20,21],"strong",{},"Protokolle",": Regeln, die festlegen, wie Geräte miteinander kommunizieren",[24,25,27],"h2",{"id":26},"netzwerkprotokolle","Netzwerkprotokolle",[29,30,31,38,44,50],"ul",{},[32,33,34,37],"li",{},[19,35,36],{},"Netzwerkkommunikationsprotokolle",": Ermöglichen die Kommunikation von zwei oder mehreren Geräten über ein oder mehrere Netzwerke (IP, TCP, http)",[32,39,40,43],{},[19,41,42],{},"Netzwerksicherheitsprotokolle",": Sichern Daten – Authentifizierung, Datenintegrität und Verschlüsselung (SSH, SSL, TSL)",[32,45,46,49],{},[19,47,48],{},"Routingprotokolle",": Ermöglicht Routern Informationen über Routen auszutauschen und zu vergleichen (OSPF, BGP)",[32,51,52,55],{},[19,53,54],{},"Diensterkennungsprotokolle",": Erkennung von Geräten oder Diensten (DHCP, DNS)",[11,57,59],{"id":58},"referenzmodelle","Referenzmodelle",[29,61,62,70],{},[32,63,64,65],{},"Netzwerk ist komplex\n",[29,66,67],{},[32,68,69],{},"Aufteilung in mehrere Schichten um es überschaubarer zu machen",[32,71,72,73],{},"Vorteile:\n",[29,74,75,78],{},[32,76,77],{},"Wettbewerb wird gefördert: Produkte von verschiedenen Herstellern sind miteinander kompatibel",[32,79,80],{},"Veränderungen auf einer Schicht wirken sich nicht auf die anderen aus",[24,82,84],{"id":83},"osi-modell","OSI-Modell",[86,87,88,110],"table",{},[89,90,91],"thead",{},[92,93,94,100,105],"tr",{},[95,96,97],"th",{},[19,98,99],{},"Nr.",[95,101,102],{},[19,103,104],{},"Schicht",[95,106,107],{},[19,108,109],{},"Aufgabe",[111,112,113,129,144,159,174,189,204],"tbody",{},[92,114,115,121,126],{},[116,117,118],"td",{},[19,119,120],{},"7",[116,122,123],{},[19,124,125],{},"Anwendung",[116,127,128],{},"Kommunikation zwischen Prozessen",[92,130,131,136,141],{},[116,132,133],{},[19,134,135],{},"6",[116,137,138],{},[19,139,140],{},"Darstellung",[116,142,143],{},"Gemeinsame Darstellung der Daten, die zwischen Anwendungsschicht-Diensten übertragen werden",[92,145,146,151,156],{},[116,147,148],{},[19,149,150],{},"5",[116,152,153],{},[19,154,155],{},"Sitzung",[116,157,158],{},"Bereitstellung der Daten für die Darstellungsschicht; Dialogsteuerung und Verwaltung des Datenaustauschs",[92,160,161,166,171],{},[116,162,163],{},[19,164,165],{},"4",[116,167,168],{},[19,169,170],{},"Transport",[116,172,173],{},"Dienste für Segmentierung, Transfer und Zusammenfügen der Daten zwischen End-Geräten",[92,175,176,181,186],{},[116,177,178],{},[19,179,180],{},"3",[116,182,183],{},[19,184,185],{},"Vermittlung",[116,187,188],{},"Dienste für Austausch einzelner Datenblöcke über das Netzwerk zwischen Endgeräten",[92,190,191,196,201],{},[116,192,193],{},[19,194,195],{},"2",[116,197,198],{},[19,199,200],{},"Sicherung",[116,202,203],{},"Methoden für den Austausch von Daten-Frames zwischen Geräten über gemeinsames Medium",[92,205,206,211,216],{},[116,207,208],{},[19,209,210],{},"1",[116,212,213],{},[19,214,215],{},"Bitübertragung",[116,217,218],{},"Beschreiben mechanische, elektrische, funktionale und prozedurale Mittel zum Aktivieren, Verwaltend und Deaktivieren physikalischer Verbindungen zur Bitübertragung zwischen Netzwerk-Geräten",[16,220,221,224],{},[19,222,223],{},"Merksatz",": Alle deutschen Studenten trinken verschiedene sorten Bier",[24,226,228],{"id":227},"tcpip-modell","TCP\u002FIP-Modell",[86,230,231,247],{},[89,232,233],{},[92,234,235,239,243],{},[95,236,237],{},[19,238,99],{},[95,240,241],{},[19,242,104],{},[95,244,245],{},[19,246,109],{},[111,248,249,262,275,289],{},[92,250,251,255,259],{},[116,252,253],{},[19,254,165],{},[116,256,257],{},[19,258,125],{},[116,260,261],{},"Präsentiert Daten; Übernimmt Kodierung und Dialogsteuerung",[92,263,264,268,272],{},[116,265,266],{},[19,267,180],{},[116,269,270],{},[19,271,170],{},[116,273,274],{},"Kommunikation zwischen Geräten über Netzwerke",[92,276,277,281,286],{},[116,278,279],{},[19,280,195],{},[116,282,283],{},[19,284,285],{},"Internet",[116,287,288],{},"Bestimmt Pfad durch Netzwerke",[92,290,291,295,300],{},[116,292,293],{},[19,294,210],{},[116,296,297],{},[19,298,299],{},"Netzwerkzugriff",[116,301,302],{},"Steuert Geräte und Medien, aus denen das Netzwerk besteht",[16,304,305,307],{},[19,306,223],{},": Andy Tanzt Nie Disco-Fox",[24,309,311],{"id":310},"gegenüberstellung-osi-tcpip-modell","Gegenüberstellung: OSI- & TCP\u002FIP-Modell",[16,313,314],{},[315,316],"img",{"alt":317,"src":318},"","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa1_img_1.png",[29,320,321,337,346],{},[32,322,323,324,327,328,330,331,333,334,336],{},"TCP fasst die ",[19,325,326],{},"Anwendungsschicht"," zusammen, die bei OSI aus ",[19,329,125],{},", ",[19,332,140],{}," und ",[19,335,155],{}," besteht",[32,338,323,339,327,342,333,344,336],{},[19,340,341],{},"Netzwerkzugriffsschicht",[19,343,200],{},[19,345,215],{},[32,347,348,349],{},"OSI wird eher verwendet, wenn es um die niedrigeren Schichten geht\n",[29,350,351],{},[32,352,353],{},"Trennung der physikalischen Schicht von der Sicherungsschicht",[11,355,357],{"id":356},"vlsm-variable-length-subnet-mask","VLSM – Variable Length Subnet Mask",[29,359,360,363],{},[32,361,362],{},"Immer große Netzte zuerst, da sonst Lücken entstehen können",[32,364,365,366],{},"Anzahl der nutzbaren Adressen ist n-2\n",[29,367,368,371],{},[32,369,370],{},"Eine Adresse für die Netzadresse",[32,372,373],{},"Eine Adresse für den Broadcast",[11,375,377],{"id":376},"anding","ANDing",[29,379,380,391],{},[32,381,382,383],{},"Berechnen der Netzadresse aus\n",[29,384,385,388],{},[32,386,387],{},"IP-Adresse",[32,389,390],{},"Subnetzmaske",[32,392,393],{},"Durch ANDing lässt sich feststellen, ob zwei IP-Adressen im selben Subnetz sind",[16,395,396],{},[315,397],{"alt":317,"src":398},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa1_img_2.png",{"title":317,"searchDepth":400,"depth":400,"links":401},2,[402,403,404,405],{"id":26,"depth":400,"text":27},{"id":83,"depth":400,"text":84},{"id":227,"depth":400,"text":228},{"id":310,"depth":400,"text":311},"3-4","Protokolle: Regeln, die festlegen, wie Geräte miteinander kommunizieren","md",{},{"title":411},"Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 1 (2023\u002F2024)","\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa1","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002FKNT_3-4_ZSMF_SA1.pdf","SA1","Schulaufgabe 1",{"title":6,"description":407},"faecher\u002Fknt\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa1","KNT","Kommunikations- und Netzwerktechnik","ZSMF","Zusammenfassung","2023\u002F2024","9uHYLS9KzKIdGQb3__-vp9eUXG2yyhDXq6vEMOSl_UI",{"id":425,"title":426,"body":427,"class":406,"description":317,"extension":408,"meta":1213,"navigation":1214,"path":1216,"pdfDownload":1217,"scope":1218,"scopeName":1219,"seo":1220,"stem":1221,"subject":418,"subjectName":419,"type":420,"typeName":421,"year":422,"__hash__":1222},"faecher\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa2.md","Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 2",{"type":8,"value":428,"toc":1179},[429,433,459,463,481,485,535,539,565,569,588,593,604,608,627,630,670,674,691,697,701,715,719,736,739,747,751,754,798,802,822,826,849,853,870,873,881,885,896,900,911,915,947,951,991,995,1003,1007,1010,1014,1019,1035,1039,1044,1052,1056,1061,1072,1076,1080,1085,1093,1097,1101,1106,1110,1114,1128,1132,1136,1152,1156,1160],[11,430,432],{"id":431},"dns-domain-name-system","DNS: Domain Name System",[29,434,435,438,441,444,447,453],{},[32,436,437],{},"„Adressbuch des Internets“",[32,439,440],{},"IP-Adressen schwer zu merken",[32,442,443],{},"Domain-Namen wurden entwickelt",[32,445,446],{},"Außerdem leichter wartbar, da beim benutzen eines Domain-Namen dem Nutzer nicht auffällt, wenn sich die IP-Adresse hinter dem Namen ändert",[32,448,449,452],{},[19,450,451],{},"FQDN",": Fully Qualified Domain Name",[32,454,455,458],{},[19,456,457],{},"NSLOOKUP",": Dienstprogramm zur “manuellen” Abfrage von Domain-Namen, z.B. für Debug",[24,460,462],{"id":461},"schritte","Schritte",[464,465,466,469,472,475,478],"ol",{},[32,467,468],{},"Nutzer gibt Domain-Namen ein",[32,470,471],{},"Client sendet entsprechende DNS-Abfrage an DNS-Server",[32,473,474],{},"DNS-Server gleicht FQDN mit IP-Adresse ab",[32,476,477],{},"DNS-Server antwortet mit IP-Adresse des FQDN",[32,479,480],{},"Client verwendet die IP-Adresse für die tatsächliche Kommunikation mit dem Server",[24,482,484],{"id":483},"ressourcendatensätze","Ressourcendatensätze",[86,486,487,501],{},[89,488,489],{},[92,490,491,496],{},[95,492,493],{},[19,494,495],{},"Art",[95,497,498],{},[19,499,500],{},"Bedeutung",[111,502,503,511,519,527],{},[92,504,505,508],{},[116,506,507],{},"A",[116,509,510],{},"IPv4 Adresse",[92,512,513,516],{},[116,514,515],{},"NS",[116,517,518],{},"Autoritativer Nameserver",[92,520,521,524],{},[116,522,523],{},"AAAA",[116,525,526],{},"IPv6 Adresse",[92,528,529,532],{},[116,530,531],{},"MX",[116,533,534],{},"Mail-Exchange",[24,536,538],{"id":537},"dns-server-vorgang","DNS-Server-Vorgang",[29,540,541],{},[32,542,543,544],{},"Server erhält DNS-Abfrage\n",[29,545,546,556,559,562],{},[32,547,548,549],{},"Server kann mit eigenen Datensätzen auflösen\n",[29,550,551],{},[32,552,553],{},[19,554,555],{},"Fertig",[32,557,558],{},"Server hat keinen passenden Datensatz",[32,560,561],{},"Gibt die Abfrage an den nächsten DNS-Server weiter",[32,563,564],{},"Sobald der Datensatz von einem anderen Server aufgelöst wurde sendet der DNS-Server die entsprechende Auflösung und speichert diese für einen definierten Zeitraum in den eigenen Datensätzen um eine weiter Abfrage schneller auflösen zu können",[24,566,568],{"id":567},"hierarchie","Hierarchie",[29,570,571,574,585],{},[32,572,573],{},"Namensstruktur wird in kleinere und dadurch überschaubarere Zonen unterteilt",[32,575,576,577],{},"Jeder DNS-Server bedient nur eine dieser Zonen\n",[29,578,579,582],{},[32,580,581],{},"Leitet Abfragen außerhalb seiner Zone an zuständige DNS-Server weiter",[32,583,584],{},"Eine Zone enthält die DNS-Einträge (Records)",[32,586,587],{},"DNS ist dadurch Skalierbar",[589,590,592],"h3",{"id":591},"abfolge","Abfolge",[464,594,595,598,601],{},[32,596,597],{},"Root-Level-Domain",[32,599,600],{},"Top-Level-Domain (TLD): .net \u002F .de \u002F .com …",[32,602,603],{},"Second-Level-Domain: tinquiz.de \u002F shenjasmom.to",[11,605,607],{"id":606},"dhcp-dynamic-host-configuration-protocol","DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol",[29,609,610,613,616,619],{},[32,611,612],{},"Automatisierte Zuweisung von Netzwerkeinstellungen wie IP-Adresse, Subnetzmaske, Gateway und DNS-Server",[32,614,615],{},"Gegenstück ist die statische Adressierung",[32,617,618],{},"DHCP-Netzwerkgeräte fordern beim Verbinden zum Netzwerk DHCP-Daten an",[32,620,621,622],{},"Die DHCP-Daten haben eine definierte Gültigkeitsdauer (Lease-Dauer)\n",[29,623,624],{},[32,625,626],{},"Nach Ablauf werden die Daten neu angefordert",[24,628,462],{"id":629},"schritte-1",[464,631,632,638,644,650],{},[32,633,634,637],{},[19,635,636],{},"Discover"," (Broadcast): Client sendet DHCP-Discover beim booten bzw. beim herstellen einer Verbindung in einem Netzwerk",[32,639,640,643],{},[19,641,642],{},"Offer",": Ein DHCP-Server, der den Discover-Broadcast erhalten hat antwortet mit einem DHCP-Offer, in dem die Netzwerkdaten über eine bestimmte Lease-Dauer enthalten sind",[32,645,646,649],{},[19,647,648],{},"Request",": Da ggf. mehrere DHCP-Server auf den Discover ein Offer senden muss der Client ein Offer wählen und es mit einem entsprechenden Request bestätigen",[32,651,652,655],{},[19,653,654],{},"Ack",[464,656,657,660],{},[32,658,659],{},"Wenn die angebotene Adresse aus dem Offer am Server noch verfügbar ist antwortet dieser mit einer entsprechenden Bestätigung",[32,661,662,663,666,667,669],{},"Ist die angebotene Adresse nicht mehr verfügbar antwortet der Server mit einer negativen Bestätigung (",[19,664,665],{},"NAK","). Das DHCP-Verfahren beginnt am Client mit einem ",[19,668,636],{}," von vorne.",[11,671,673],{"id":672},"osi-layer-4-transportschicht","OSI Layer 4: Transportschicht",[29,675,676,679,682,685,688],{},[32,677,678],{},"Verantwortlich für Kommunikation zwischen Anwendungen auf verschiedenen Hosts",[32,680,681],{},"Verwaltet alle Konversationen zwischen Hosts",[32,683,684],{},"Segmentiert Daten und setzt Daten zusammen für den Transportweg",[32,686,687],{},"Fügt Header-Daten hinzu, damit der Empfänger die Daten richtig interpretiert",[32,689,690],{},"Ziel-Anwendung wird über Port-Nummer identifiziert",[16,692,693],{},[315,694],{"alt":695,"src":696},"Пояснительная бригада: разница между TCP и UDP — Журнал «Код ...","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa2_img_1.png",[24,698,700],{"id":699},"tcp-transmission-control-protocol","TCP: Transmission Control Protocol",[29,702,703,706,709,712],{},[32,704,705],{},"Stellt sicher, dass die Daten beim Ziel ankommen",[32,707,708],{},"Teilt Daten in Segmente auf",[32,710,711],{},"Zuverlässig",[32,713,714],{},"Verbindungsorientiert",[589,716,718],{"id":717},"grundlegende-operationen","Grundlegende Operationen",[29,720,721,724,727,730,733],{},[32,722,723],{},"Nummerierung und Nachverfolgung von Datensegmenten",[32,725,726],{},"Bestätigung empfangener Daten",[32,728,729],{},"Erneute Übertragung wenn keine Bestätigung erfolgt",[32,731,732],{},"Sequenzieren von Daten, die ggf. in falscher Reihenfolge angekommen sind",[32,734,735],{},"Effiziente Datenrate, die der Empfänger verarbeiten kann",[589,737,125],{"id":738},"anwendung",[29,740,741,744],{},[32,742,743],{},"SMTP\u002FIMAP",[32,745,746],{},"HTTP\u002FHTTPS",[589,748,750],{"id":749},"aufbau","Aufbau",[16,752,753],{},"Header (20 Byte) enthält folgende Daten:",[29,755,756,759,762,768,774,777,780,786,789,792,795],{},[32,757,758],{},"Quellport",[32,760,761],{},"Zielport",[32,763,764,767],{},[19,765,766],{},"Sequenznummer",": Für den Wiederzusammenbau",[32,769,770,773],{},[19,771,772],{},"Bestätigungsnummer",": Anzeige, dass Daten erhalten wurden und auf das Nächste Segment gewartet wird",[32,775,776],{},"Länge des Headers",[32,778,779],{},"Reserviert",[32,781,782,785],{},[19,783,784],{},"Steuer-Bit",": Erläutert Zweck und Funktion des Segments",[32,787,788],{},"Fenstergröße",[32,790,791],{},"Prüfsumme",[32,793,794],{},"Dringlichkeit",[32,796,797],{},"Optionen",[589,799,801],{"id":800},"drei-wege-handshake","Drei-Wege-Handshake",[464,803,804,810,816],{},[32,805,806,809],{},[19,807,808],{},"SYN",": Initiierende Client fordert eine Kommunikationssitzung an",[32,811,812,815],{},[19,813,814],{},"ACK, SYN",": Der Server bestätigt die Kommunikationssitzung und fordert ebenfalls eine an",[32,817,818,821],{},[19,819,820],{},"ACK",": Der initiierende Client bestätigt die Kommunikationssitzung",[589,823,825],{"id":824},"beenden-von-sitzungen","Beenden von Sitzungen",[464,827,828,834,839,844],{},[32,829,830,833],{},[19,831,832],{},"FIN",": Client sendet Segment mit FIN-Flag wenn keine Daten mehr übertragen werden müssen",[32,835,836,838],{},[19,837,820],{},": Server bestätigt Ende der Sitzung",[32,840,841,843],{},[19,842,832],{},": Server sendet FIN um die Sitzung zu beenden",[32,845,846,848],{},[19,847,820],{},": Client bestätigt Ende der Sitzung",[24,850,852],{"id":851},"udp-user-datagram-protocol","UDP: User Datagram Protocol",[29,854,855,858,861,864,867],{},[32,856,857],{},"Unzuverlässig",[32,859,860],{},"Schnellere Verarbeitung",[32,862,863],{},"Teilt Daten in Datagramme auf",[32,865,866],{},"Verbindungslos",[32,868,869],{},"Keine Bestätigung empfangener Daten",[589,871,125],{"id":872},"anwendung-1",[29,874,875,878],{},[32,876,877],{},"VOIP",[32,879,880],{},"DNS",[11,882,884],{"id":883},"vlan","VLAN",[29,886,887,890,893],{},[32,888,889],{},"Logische Segmentierung von Netzwerken",[32,891,892],{},"Verhält sich wie eigenes physikalisches Netzwerk (LAN)",[32,894,895],{},"VLAN schafft logische Broadcast-Domäne",[24,897,899],{"id":898},"vlan-vs-subnet","VLAN vs. Subnet",[29,901,902,905,908],{},[32,903,904],{},"VLANs trennen auf logischer Ebene auf OSI-Layer 2 Netzwerke voneinander",[32,906,907],{},"Subnetting ermöglicht es auf OSI-Layer 3 ein großes Netz in mehrere kleine Subnetze aufzuteilen",[32,909,910],{},"Damit Clients im selben VLAN miteinander kommunizieren können müssen sie ebenfalls im selben Subnetz sein (ohne Router)",[24,912,914],{"id":913},"vorteile","Vorteile",[29,916,917,923,929,935,941],{},[32,918,919,922],{},[19,920,921],{},"Kleine Broadcast-Domänen",": Segmentierung reduziert die Anzahl der Clients in einer großen Broadcast-Domäne",[32,924,925,928],{},[19,926,927],{},"Erhöhte Sicherheit",": Nur Clients im selben VLAN können miteinander kommunizieren",[32,930,931,934],{},[19,932,933],{},"Reduzierte Kosten:"," VLANs verwenden die vorhandene Bandbreite effizienter",[32,936,937,940],{},[19,938,939],{},"Mehr Leistung",": Kleine Broadcast-Domänen reduzieren unnötigen Datenverkehr",[32,942,943,946],{},[19,944,945],{},"Einfaches Management",": VLANs fassen Geräte \u002F Benutzer zusammen",[24,948,950],{"id":949},"arten","Arten",[29,952,953,959,965,979,985],{},[32,954,955,958],{},[19,956,957],{},"Standard-VLAN",": Wenn kein VLAN konfiguriert ist liegt das VLAN 1 an",[32,960,961,964],{},[19,962,963],{},"Daten-VLAN",": Trennung von benutzergeneriertem Datenverkehr",[32,966,967,970,971],{},[19,968,969],{},"Natives-VLAN",": Zwischen Trunk-Ports (IEEE 802.1Q)\n",[29,972,973,976],{},[32,974,975],{},"Untagged Frames werden an einem Trunk-Port in das Native-VLAN weitergeleitet",[32,977,978],{},"Frames mit einem Tag des Nativen-VLANs werden verworfen",[32,980,981,984],{},[19,982,983],{},"Management-VLAN",": Netzwerkverwaltungsverkehr (SSH, SNMP usw.)",[32,986,987,990],{},[19,988,989],{},"Sprach-VLAN",": VoIP benötigt ein priorisiertes VLAN",[24,992,994],{"id":993},"vlan-trunk-ieee-8021q","VLAN-Trunk (IEEE 802.1Q)",[29,996,997,1000],{},[32,998,999],{},"Strecke zwischen zwei Switches über die mehrere unterschiedliche VLANs laufen",[32,1001,1002],{},"VLANs auf einem Trunk-Port müssen getagged werden",[24,1004,1006],{"id":1005},"inter-vlan-routing","Inter-VLAN-Routing",[16,1008,1009],{},"Inter-VLAN-Routing ist der Prozess der Weiterleitung von Netzwerkverkehr von einem VLAN zu einem anderen VLAN",[589,1011,1013],{"id":1012},"legacy-inter-vlan-routing","Legacy-Inter-VLAN-Routing",[16,1015,1016],{},[315,1017],{"alt":317,"src":1018},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa2_img_2.png",[29,1020,1021,1024,1027],{},[32,1022,1023],{},"Router mit mehreren Ethernet-Schnittstellen",[32,1025,1026],{},"Jede Schnittstelle ist mit einem Switchport in einem VLAN verbunden und stellt das Standardgateway des VLANs dar",[32,1028,1029,1030],{},"Bei vielen VLANs werden am Switch und am Router viele Ports benötigt\n",[29,1031,1032],{},[32,1033,1034],{},"Schlecht Skalierbar",[589,1036,1038],{"id":1037},"router-on-a-stick","Router-on-a-Stick",[16,1040,1041],{},[315,1042],{"alt":317,"src":1043},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa2_img_3.png",[29,1045,1046,1049],{},[32,1047,1048],{},"Weiterentwicklung des Legacy-Inter-VLAN-Routings",[32,1050,1051],{},"Statt mehreren Ports zwischen Switch und Router wird ein einziger Trunk-Port verwendet",[589,1053,1055],{"id":1054},"layer-3-switch","Layer 3 Switch",[16,1057,1058],{},[315,1059],{"alt":317,"src":1060},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa2_img_4.png",[29,1062,1063,1066,1069],{},[32,1064,1065],{},"Routing wird innerhalb des Layer-3-Switches von virtuellen Interfaces übernommen",[32,1067,1068],{},"Routing ist dadurch schneller und benötigt keinen externen Router",[32,1070,1071],{},"Layer-3-Switches sind teuer",[11,1073,1075],{"id":1074},"konsolenbefehle","Konsolenbefehle",[24,1077,1079],{"id":1078},"vlan-erstellen","VLAN erstellen",[29,1081,1082],{},[32,1083,1084],{},"Globaler Konfigmodus",[464,1086,1087,1090],{},[32,1088,1089],{},"VLAN erstellen: vlan \u003Cvlan-id>",[32,1091,1092],{},"VLAN-Namen vergeben: name \u003Cvlan-name>",[24,1094,1096],{"id":1095},"vlan-löschen","VLAN löschen",[29,1098,1099],{},[32,1100,1084],{},[464,1102,1103],{},[32,1104,1105],{},"VLAN löschen: no vlan \u003Cvlan-id>",[24,1107,1109],{"id":1108},"vlan-portzuweisung","VLAN Portzuweisung",[29,1111,1112],{},[32,1113,1084],{},[464,1115,1116,1119,1122,1125],{},[32,1117,1118],{},"Interface-Konfig: interface \u003Cinteface-id>",[32,1120,1121],{},"Accessmodus setzen: switchport mode access",[32,1123,1124],{},"Port zu VLAN zuweisen: switchport access vlan \u003Cvlan-id>",[32,1126,1127],{},"Interface aktivieren: no shutdown",[24,1129,1131],{"id":1130},"vlan-trunk-konfigurieren","VLAN Trunk konfigurieren",[29,1133,1134],{},[32,1135,1084],{},[464,1137,1138,1141,1144,1147,1150],{},[32,1139,1140],{},"Interface-Konfig: interface \u003Cinterface-id>",[32,1142,1143],{},"Trunkmodus setzen: switchport mode trunk",[32,1145,1146],{},"Ggf. Natives VLAN ändern: switchport trunk native vlan \u003Cvlan-id>",[32,1148,1149],{},"Angeben welche VLANs erlaubt sind (komma separiert): switchport trunk allowed vlan \u003Cvlan-list>",[32,1151,1127],{},[24,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"vlan-trunk-am-router-konfigurieren","VLAN Trunk am Router konfigurieren",[29,1157,1158],{},[32,1159,1084],{},[464,1161,1162,1165,1168,1171,1174,1177],{},[32,1163,1164],{},"Subinterface-Konfig (G0\u002F0\u002F1.10 -> 10 ist vlan-id): interface \u003Cinterface-id>",[32,1166,1167],{},"Dot1Q aktivieren: encapsulation dot1Q \u003Cvlan-id>",[32,1169,1170],{},"IP-Adresse konfigurieren: ip add \u003Cip> \u003Csubnetmask>",[32,1172,1173],{},"Subinterface verlassen: exit",[32,1175,1176],{},"Volle Interface-Konfig (G0\u002F0\u002F1): interface \u003Cinterface-id>",[32,1178,1127],{},{"title":317,"searchDepth":400,"depth":400,"links":1180},[1181,1182,1183,1184,1188,1189,1196,1199,1200,1201,1202,1203,1208,1209,1210,1211,1212],{"id":461,"depth":400,"text":462},{"id":483,"depth":400,"text":484},{"id":537,"depth":400,"text":538},{"id":567,"depth":400,"text":568,"children":1185},[1186],{"id":591,"depth":1187,"text":592},3,{"id":629,"depth":400,"text":462},{"id":699,"depth":400,"text":700,"children":1190},[1191,1192,1193,1194,1195],{"id":717,"depth":1187,"text":718},{"id":738,"depth":1187,"text":125},{"id":749,"depth":1187,"text":750},{"id":800,"depth":1187,"text":801},{"id":824,"depth":1187,"text":825},{"id":851,"depth":400,"text":852,"children":1197},[1198],{"id":872,"depth":1187,"text":125},{"id":898,"depth":400,"text":899},{"id":913,"depth":400,"text":914},{"id":949,"depth":400,"text":950},{"id":993,"depth":400,"text":994},{"id":1005,"depth":400,"text":1006,"children":1204},[1205,1206,1207],{"id":1012,"depth":1187,"text":1013},{"id":1037,"depth":1187,"text":1038},{"id":1054,"depth":1187,"text":1055},{"id":1078,"depth":400,"text":1079},{"id":1095,"depth":400,"text":1096},{"id":1108,"depth":400,"text":1109},{"id":1130,"depth":400,"text":1131},{"id":1154,"depth":400,"text":1155},{},{"title":1215},"Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 2 (2023\u002F2024)","\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa2","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002FKNT_3-4_ZSMF_SA2.pdf","SA2","Schulaufgabe 2",{"title":426,"description":317},"faecher\u002Fknt\u002F3-4-zsmf-sa2","qdTa19OHM_gHOwFOMIgzUFuIlrw0YxyYQKK9ENcWItc",{"id":1224,"title":6,"body":1225,"class":1687,"description":1233,"extension":408,"meta":1688,"navigation":1689,"path":1691,"pdfDownload":1692,"scope":414,"scopeName":415,"seo":1693,"stem":1694,"subject":418,"subjectName":419,"type":420,"typeName":421,"year":1695,"__hash__":1696},"faecher\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1.md",{"type":8,"value":1226,"toc":1659},[1227,1231,1234,1238,1241,1245,1249,1252,1259,1294,1305,1309,1312,1316,1327,1332,1342,1352,1359,1364,1368,1371,1379,1383,1386,1389,1393,1404,1408,1412,1443,1448,1452,1478,1483,1487,1490,1493,1498,1502,1506,1513,1517,1522,1526,1536,1540,1548,1551,1573,1577,1580,1584,1589,1591,1605,1607,1637,1642,1646,1649,1651],[11,1228,1230],{"id":1229},"stp-spanning-tree-protocol","STP: Spanning-Tree-Protocol",[16,1232,1233],{},"Mit Hilfe von STP lassen sich Redundanzen im Netzwerk bilden. Ohne STP würden in diesen Topologien Schleifen auf Layer-2 entstehen, die das gesamte Netzwerk lahmlegen können.",[24,1235,1237],{"id":1236},"broadcast-sturm","Broadcast-Sturm",[16,1239,1240],{},"Wenn Schleifen existieren und STP nicht aktiviert ist, werden Broadcast-Pakete (z.B. ARP) von einem Client an jedem Switch an alle anderen Ports weitergeleitet. Bei Schleifen erhält ein Switch das gleiche Paket nach kurzer Zeit wieder und leitet es erneut an alle anderen Ports weiter. Die Anzahl der Pakete im Netz steigt somit schnell an und überlastet die Infrastruktur, wodurch andere Pakete vernachlässigt werden.",[24,1242,1244],{"id":1243},"stp-algorithmus","STP-Algorithmus",[589,1246,1248],{"id":1247},"_1-root-bridge-auswählen","1. Root-Bridge auswählen",[16,1250,1251],{},"Es wird eine Root-Bridge ermittelt. Sie dient als Zentrum der STP-Topologie. Alle anderen Switches ermitteln den kostengünstigsten Pfad zur Root-Bridge.",[16,1253,1254,1255,1258],{},"Zur Ermittlung der Root-Bridge bildet jeder Switch eine ",[19,1256,1257],{},"Bridge-ID",". Diese ID besteht aus folgenden Elementen:",[29,1260,1261,1274,1284],{},[32,1262,1263,1266],{},[19,1264,1265],{},"Priorität",[29,1267,1268,1271],{},[32,1269,1270],{},"Kann in Schritten von 4096 gewählt werden",[32,1272,1273],{},"Bereich von 0 bis 61440",[32,1275,1276,1279],{},[19,1277,1278],{},"Erweiterte System-ID",[29,1280,1281],{},[32,1282,1283],{},"Entspricht der VLAN-ID",[32,1285,1286,1289],{},[19,1287,1288],{},"MAC-Adresse",[29,1290,1291],{},[32,1292,1293],{},"Entscheiden, wenn die Priorität und Erweiterte-System-ID bei zwei oder mehr Switches identisch sind",[16,1295,1296,1297,1300,1301,1304],{},"Der Switch mit der ",[19,1298,1299],{},"niedrigsten BID"," wird zur ",[19,1302,1303],{},"Root-Bridge",".",[589,1306,1308],{"id":1307},"_2-pfadermittlung","2. Pfadermittlung",[16,1310,1311],{},"Wenn eine Root-Bridge entschieden wurde, werden die kostengünstigsten Pfade von allen anderen Switches zur Root-Bridge ermittelt. Dabei ist die Geschwindigkeit der Strecken relevant.",[589,1313,1315],{"id":1314},"_3-ermitteln-der-port-zustände","3. Ermitteln der Port-Zustände",[16,1317,1318,1319,1322,1323,1326],{},"Jeder Switch, der nicht die Root-Bridge ist, wählt genau einen Root-Port aus. Der ",[19,1320,1321],{},"Root-Port"," ist der Port am Switch, der ",[19,1324,1325],{},"der Root-Bridge am nächsten"," ist.",[16,1328,1329],{},[315,1330],{"alt":317,"src":1331},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_1.png",[16,1333,1334,1335,1338,1339,1304],{},"Alle Ports ",[19,1336,1337],{},"die gegenüber eines Root-Ports"," liegen werden zu einem ",[19,1340,1341],{},"Designated-Port",[16,1343,1344,1345,1348,1349],{},"Bei einer Verbindung zwischen zwei Switches, bei denen keiner der beiden Ports ein Root-Port ist, wird der Switch Port am Switch mit ",[19,1346,1347],{},"dem kostengünstigeren Pfad der Designated-Port",". Sind die Pfadkosten identisch entscheidet die ",[19,1350,1351],{},"kleinere Bridge-ID.",[16,1353,1354,1355,1358],{},"Alle anderen Ports zwischen Switches werden zu ",[19,1356,1357],{},"Alternate-Ports\u002FBlocked-Ports",". Über diese Leitungen wird die Kommunikation gesperrt und dadurch Schleifen verhindert.",[16,1360,1361],{},[315,1362],{"alt":317,"src":1363},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_2.png",[589,1365,1367],{"id":1366},"_4-neuberechnung-bei-topologie-änderung","4. Neuberechnung bei Topologie Änderung",[16,1369,1370],{},"Wenn ein Switch oder eine Leitung ausfällt wird die STP Topologie neuberechnet. Dabei werden zuvor geblockte Ports ggf. wieder freigegeben.",[16,1372,1373,1376],{},[315,1374],{"alt":317,"src":1375},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_3.png",[315,1377],{"alt":317,"src":1378},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_4.png",[11,1380,1382],{"id":1381},"etherchannel","Etherchannel",[16,1384,1385],{},"Etherchannel aggregiert Verbindungen zwischen Geräten zu Bündeln. Dadurch können eine höhere Bandbreite, Ausfallsicherheit, Fehlertoleranz und Lastverteilung erreicht werden.",[16,1387,1388],{},"Es können nur Schnittstellen des gleichen Typs und maximal 8 separate Schnittstellen aggregiert werden.",[24,1390,1392],{"id":1391},"konfigurationsrichtlinien","Konfigurationsrichtlinien",[29,1394,1395,1398,1401],{},[32,1396,1397],{},"Schnittstellen müssen Etherchannel unterstützen",[32,1399,1400],{},"Geschwindigkeit und Duplex-Modus müssen identisch sein",[32,1402,1403],{},"Alle Schnittstellen müssen dieselben VLANs haben",[24,1405,1407],{"id":1406},"aushandlungsprotokolle","Aushandlungsprotokolle",[589,1409,1411],{"id":1410},"pagp-port-aggregation-protocol","PAgP: Port Aggregation Protocol",[29,1413,1414,1417,1420],{},[32,1415,1416],{},"Cisco-Proprietär",[32,1418,1419],{},"Verwaltet die Bildung des Etherchannels und falls aktiviert den erstellten Etherchannel",[32,1421,1422,1423],{},"Switch Zustände:\n",[29,1424,1425,1431,1437],{},[32,1426,1427,1430],{},[19,1428,1429],{},"On",": Erzwingt die Erstellung eines Channels ohne PAgP",[32,1432,1433,1436],{},[19,1434,1435],{},"PAgP desirable",": Verhandelt aktiv die Bildung eines Etherchannels",[32,1438,1439,1442],{},[19,1440,1441],{},"PAgP auto",": Ist bereit zur Verhandlung über PAgP aber initiiert nichts. Reagiert nur.",[16,1444,1445],{},[315,1446],{"alt":317,"src":1447},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_5.png",[589,1449,1451],{"id":1450},"lacp-port-aggregation-control-protocol","LACP: Port Aggregation Control Protocol",[29,1453,1454,1457],{},[32,1455,1456],{},"Ideal für Multivendor-Umgebungen",[32,1458,1459,1460],{},"Ähnliche Switch Zustände wie PAgP:\n",[29,1461,1462,1467,1472],{},[32,1463,1464,1466],{},[19,1465,1429],{},": Erzwingt die Erstellung eines Channels ohne LACP",[32,1468,1469,1436],{},[19,1470,1471],{},"LACP active",[32,1473,1474,1477],{},[19,1475,1476],{},"LACP inactive",": Ist bereit zur Verhandlung über LACP aber initiiert nichts. Reagiert nur.",[16,1479,1480],{},[315,1481],{"alt":317,"src":1482},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_6.png",[11,1484,1486],{"id":1485},"first-hop-redundancy-protokolle","First-Hop-Redundancy Protokolle",[16,1488,1489],{},"In einem Netzwerk in dem Clients einen einzelnen Router als Standardgateway hinterlegt haben, sind eben diese Clients vom externen Netz getrennt sobald der Router ausfällt. Um das zu verhindern werden First-Hop Redundancy-Protokolle verwendet.",[16,1491,1492],{},"Um einen Single-Point-of-Failure zu verhindern bietet es sich an eine virtuelle IP-Adresse als Standardgateway zu verwenden, hinter der sich mehrere Router verbergen. Über die virtuelle IP-Adresse können Pakete nach extern weitergeleitet werden, auch wenn ein Router ausfällt.",[16,1494,1495],{},[315,1496],{"alt":317,"src":1497},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_7.png",[24,1499,1501],{"id":1500},"verfügbare-protokolle","Verfügbare Protokolle",[589,1503,1505],{"id":1504},"hsrp-hot-standby-router-protocol","HSRP: Hot Standby Router Protocol",[29,1507,1508,1510],{},[32,1509,1416],{},[32,1511,1512],{},"Überwacht und verwaltet aktive und Standby-Router",[589,1514,1516],{"id":1515},"vrrp-virtual-router-redundancy-protocol","VRRP: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol",[29,1518,1519],{},[32,1520,1521],{},"Ein Router wird Master, alle anderen werden Backup",[589,1523,1525],{"id":1524},"glbp-gateway-load-balancing-protocol","GLBP: Gateway Load Balancing Protocol",[29,1527,1528,1530,1533],{},[32,1529,1416],{},[32,1531,1532],{},"Wie HSRP\u002FVRRP",[32,1534,1535],{},"Zusätzlich Load Balancing",[589,1537,1539],{"id":1538},"irdp-icmp-router-detection-protocol","IRDP: ICMP Router Detection Protocol",[29,1541,1542,1545],{},[32,1543,1544],{},"Altes Protokoll",[32,1546,1547],{},"Erlaubt es Clients einen anderen Router zu finden, der eine Verbindung zu externen Netzen hat",[24,1549,1505],{"id":1550},"hsrp-hot-standby-router-protocol-1",[29,1552,1553,1556,1567,1570],{},[32,1554,1555],{},"Bestimmt in einer Gruppe von Geräten den aktiven Router und die Standby-Router",[32,1557,1558,1559],{},"Aktiver Router:\n",[29,1560,1561,1564],{},[32,1562,1563],{},"leitet Pakete weiter",[32,1565,1566],{},"Standardmäßig der Router mit der höchsten IP",[32,1568,1569],{},"Standby-Router: springt für aktiven Router im Falle eines Ausfalls ein",[32,1571,1572],{},"HSRP-Priorität: Kann verwendet werden um den aktiven Router festzulegen",[589,1574,1576],{"id":1575},"hsrp-präemotion","HSRP-Präemotion",[16,1578,1579],{},"Wenn ein Router mit einer höheren Priorität online kommt kann dieser das Auswahlverfahren erneut erzwingen. Wenn Deaktiviert bleibt der aktuelle Router der aktive Router, auch wenn er ggf. eine niedrigere Priorität hat",[589,1581,1583],{"id":1582},"zustände","Zustände",[16,1585,1586],{},[315,1587],{"alt":317,"src":1588},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_8.png",[11,1590,607],{"id":606},[29,1592,1593,1595,1597,1599],{},[32,1594,612],{},[32,1596,615],{},[32,1598,618],{},[32,1600,621,1601],{},[29,1602,1603],{},[32,1604,626],{},[24,1606,462],{"id":461},[464,1608,1609,1614,1618,1623],{},[32,1610,1611,1613],{},[19,1612,636],{}," (Broadcast): Client sendet DHCP-Discover beim booten bzw. beim Herstellen einer Verbindung in einem Netzwerk",[32,1615,1616,643],{},[19,1617,642],{},[32,1619,1620,1622],{},[19,1621,648],{}," (Broadcast): Da ggf. mehrere DHCP-Server auf den Discover ein Offer senden muss der Client ein Offer wählen und es mit einem entsprechenden Request bestätigen. Das Paket ist ein Broadcast um ggf. anderen DHCP-Servern mitzuteilen für welches Offer sich der Client entschieden hat.",[32,1624,1625,1627],{},[19,1626,654],{},[464,1628,1629,1631],{},[32,1630,659],{},[32,1632,662,1633,666,1635,669],{},[19,1634,665],{},[19,1636,636],{},[16,1638,1639],{},[315,1640],{"alt":317,"src":1641},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1_img_9.png",[24,1643,1645],{"id":1644},"lease-verlängerung","Lease Verlängerung",[16,1647,1648],{},"Funktioniert nur innerhalb eines Lease Zeitraums",[589,1650,462],{"id":629},[464,1652,1653,1656],{},[32,1654,1655],{},"DHCP-Request (Unicast): Eine direkte Anforderung an den DHCP-Server von dem das aktuelle Lease ist. Erhält der Client in einem bestimmten Zeitabstand keine Antwort sendet er das Request als Broadcast um andere verfügbare DHCP-Server zu erreichen.",[32,1657,1658],{},"DHCP-Ack (Unicast): Der Server bestätigt die Verlängerung",{"title":317,"searchDepth":400,"depth":400,"links":1660},[1661,1662,1668,1669,1673,1679,1683,1684],{"id":1236,"depth":400,"text":1237},{"id":1243,"depth":400,"text":1244,"children":1663},[1664,1665,1666,1667],{"id":1247,"depth":1187,"text":1248},{"id":1307,"depth":1187,"text":1308},{"id":1314,"depth":1187,"text":1315},{"id":1366,"depth":1187,"text":1367},{"id":1391,"depth":400,"text":1392},{"id":1406,"depth":400,"text":1407,"children":1670},[1671,1672],{"id":1410,"depth":1187,"text":1411},{"id":1450,"depth":1187,"text":1451},{"id":1500,"depth":400,"text":1501,"children":1674},[1675,1676,1677,1678],{"id":1504,"depth":1187,"text":1505},{"id":1515,"depth":1187,"text":1516},{"id":1524,"depth":1187,"text":1525},{"id":1538,"depth":1187,"text":1539},{"id":1550,"depth":400,"text":1505,"children":1680},[1681,1682],{"id":1575,"depth":1187,"text":1576},{"id":1582,"depth":1187,"text":1583},{"id":461,"depth":400,"text":462},{"id":1644,"depth":400,"text":1645,"children":1685},[1686],{"id":629,"depth":1187,"text":462},"5-6",{},{"title":1690},"Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 1 (2024\u002F2025)","\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002FKNT_5-6_ZSMF_SA1.pdf",{"title":6,"description":1233},"faecher\u002Fknt\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa1","2024\u002F2025","5cyUo1k9FL2ELsnONgWOHJ0KGoS5RnfzGqO50KDHOJ0",{"id":1698,"title":426,"body":1699,"class":1687,"description":317,"extension":408,"meta":2275,"navigation":2276,"path":2278,"pdfDownload":2279,"scope":1218,"scopeName":1219,"seo":2280,"stem":2281,"subject":418,"subjectName":419,"type":420,"typeName":421,"year":1695,"__hash__":2282},"faecher\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa2.md",{"type":8,"value":1700,"toc":2254},[1701,1705,1716,1720,1728,1732,1777,1781,1803,1807,1810,1814,1856,1860,1886,1890,1898,1902,1907,1912,1937,1941,1952,1956,1960,2006,2010,2018,2021,2026,2078,2082,2086,2108,2112,2115,2118,2121,2124,2127,2130,2133,2136,2139,2142,2144,2146,2149,2151,2154,2157,2160,2165,2170,2175,2180,2185,2190,2195,2198,2201,2204,2207,2210,2212,2214,2217,2220,2223,2226,2229,2231,2233,2236,2243,2246,2251],[11,1702,1704],{"id":1703},"routing","Routing",[29,1706,1707,1710],{},[32,1708,1709],{},"Den besten Pfad zum Weiterleiten eines Pakets anhand von Routing-Tabellen zu ermitteln",[32,1711,1712,1715],{},[19,1713,1714],{},"Next-Hop",": Bezeichnet den nächsten Router (oder das nächste Gerät) auf dem Weg zum Ziel, an den ein Paket weitergeleitet wird. Dieser Router muss direkt erreichbar sein",[24,1717,1719],{"id":1718},"routing-tabelle","Routing-Tabelle",[29,1721,1722],{},[32,1723,1724,1727],{},[19,1725,1726],{},"show ip route",": Routing-Tabelle anzeigen lassen",[589,1729,1731],{"id":1730},"routing-codes","Routing-Codes",[29,1733,1734,1740,1746,1752,1758,1764],{},[32,1735,1736,1739],{},[19,1737,1738],{},"L – Local",": Router-Adresse des Routers im direkt angeschlossenen Netz – Immer \u002F32",[32,1741,1742,1745],{},[19,1743,1744],{},"C – Connected",": Netz, das direkt am Router angeschlossen ist",[32,1747,1748,1751],{},[19,1749,1750],{},"S – Static",": Statisch konfigurierte Route (Manuell konfiguriert)",[32,1753,1754,1757],{},[19,1755,1756],{},"O – OSPF",": Über OSPF (Open-Shortest-Path-First) gelernt",[32,1759,1760,1763],{},[19,1761,1762],{},"R – RIP",": Über RIP (Routing Information Protocol) gelernt",[32,1765,1766,1776],{},[1767,1768,1769,1775],"em",{},[1767,1770,1771],{},[1772,1773,1774],"span",{},"X"," - Stern","* an beliebigem Code: Markiert die Standardroute – z.B.: S*",[589,1778,1780],{"id":1779},"administrative-distanz","Administrative Distanz",[29,1782,1783,1786,1789],{},[32,1784,1785],{},"Stellt Zuverlässigkeit der Route dar",[32,1787,1788],{},"Je niedriger die Zahl, desto zuverlässiger",[32,1790,1791,1792],{},"Standard ADs:\n",[29,1793,1794,1797,1800],{},[32,1795,1796],{},"Direkt verbunden: 0",[32,1798,1799],{},"Statisch: 1",[32,1801,1802],{},"OSPF: 110",[589,1804,1806],{"id":1805},"eintrag-aufbau","Eintrag Aufbau",[16,1808,1809],{},"\u003CCode> \u003CZielnetz> \u003CSubnetzmaske> \u003CAusgangsport\u002FNextHop\u002F Ausgangsport NextHop> \u003CAdminDist>",[589,1811,1813],{"id":1812},"erstellen-der-routing-tabelle-1416","Erstellen der Routing-Tabelle (14.1.6)",[29,1815,1816,1822,1842],{},[32,1817,1818,1821],{},[19,1819,1820],{},"Direkt verbundene Netzwerke",": Netze, die auf aktiven Schnittstellen des Routers konfiguriert sind",[32,1823,1824,1827,1828],{},[19,1825,1826],{},"Remote Netzwerke",": Netzwerke, die nicht direkt am Router anliegen\n",[29,1829,1830,1836],{},[32,1831,1832,1835],{},[19,1833,1834],{},"Statische Routen",": Manuelles Bekanntmachen eines Netzes",[32,1837,1838,1841],{},[19,1839,1840],{},"Dynamische Routing Protokolle (OSPF etc.):"," Wird zur Tabelle hinzugefügt, wenn Dyn. Routing-Protokolle etwas über entfernte Netze erfahren",[32,1843,1844,1847,1848],{},[19,1845,1846],{},"Standardroute",": Gibt Next-Hop-Router an, wenn keiner der Tabellen-Einträge passt. In der Hoffnung, dass der nächste Router das Zielnetz kennt.\n",[29,1849,1850,1853],{},[32,1851,1852],{},"Kann statisch konfiguriert oder dynamisch gelernt werden",[32,1854,1855],{},"Routeneintrag immer: 0.0.0.0\u002F0",[24,1857,1859],{"id":1858},"statisches-routing","Statisches Routing",[29,1861,1862,1868,1874,1880],{},[32,1863,1864,1867],{},[19,1865,1866],{},"ip route \u003CEintrag ohne Code>:"," Konfiguriert eine statische Route",[32,1869,1870,1873],{},[19,1871,1872],{},"Next-Hop-Route",": Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 17216.0.2 (Zieladresse)",[32,1875,1876,1879],{},[19,1877,1878],{},"Direkt-verbundene Route",": Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Fa0\u002F2 (Ausgangsport)",[32,1881,1882,1885],{},[19,1883,1884],{},"Fully Qualified Route",": Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Fa0\u002F2 17216.0.2 (Ausgangsport und Zieladresse)",[589,1887,1889],{"id":1888},"floating-static-route","Floating Static Route",[29,1891,1892,1895],{},[32,1893,1894],{},"Wird als Backup-Route für eine andere Route verwendet",[32,1896,1897],{},"Lösung über Administrative Distanz -> Floating Static Route hat eine höhere AD als die primäre Route",[589,1899,1901],{"id":1900},"summary-static-route","Summary Static Route",[29,1903,1904],{},[32,1905,1906],{},"Mehrere Netze können zusammengefasst werden, indem man eine breitere Subnetzmaske wählt",[1908,1909,1911],"h4",{"id":1910},"beispiel","Beispiel",[29,1913,1914,1917,1920,1923,1930],{},[32,1915,1916],{},"10.40.1.0\u002F24",[32,1918,1919],{},"10.40.2.0\u002F24",[32,1921,1922],{},"10.40.3.0\u002F24",[32,1924,1925,1926,1929],{},"Kann unter ",[19,1927,1928],{},"10.40.0.0\u002F16"," zusammengefasst werden",[32,1931,1932,1933,1936],{},"Alternativ auch enger als ",[19,1934,1935],{},"10.40.0.0\u002F22"," -> umfasst 10.40.0.0 – 10.40.3.255",[24,1938,1940],{"id":1939},"dynamisches-routing","Dynamisches Routing",[29,1942,1943,1946,1949],{},[32,1944,1945],{},"Router tauschen Informationen über Remote-Netze miteinander aus",[32,1947,1948],{},"Bei Topologie-Änderungen kann schnell ein neuer bester Pfad ermittelt werden",[32,1950,1951],{},"Protokolle: OSPF, RIP",[24,1953,1955],{"id":1954},"paketweiterleitung","Paketweiterleitung",[589,1957,1959],{"id":1958},"entscheidungsprozess","Entscheidungsprozess",[464,1961,1962,1965,1968],{},[32,1963,1964],{},"Router erhält Paket",[32,1966,1967],{},"Router extrahiert die Ziel-IP-Adresse",[32,1969,1970,1971],{},"Router vergleicht die Ziel-IP-Adresse mit seiner Routing-Tabelle auf die längste Übereinstimmung\n",[464,1972,1973,1990],{},[32,1974,1975,1976],{},"Router findet einen passenden Eintrag in der Routing Tabelle\n",[464,1977,1978,1984],{},[32,1979,1980,1983],{},[19,1981,1982],{},"Eintrag zeigt auf direkt verbundenes Netz",": Paket wird an Zielgerät geleitet (Ggf. ARP-Request notwendig)",[32,1985,1986,1989],{},[19,1987,1988],{},"Eintrag zeigt auf remote Netz",": Paket wird an Next-Hop weitergeleitet",[32,1991,1992,1993],{},"Router findet keinen Eintrag in der Routing Tabelle\n",[464,1994,1995,2000],{},[32,1996,1997,1989],{},[19,1998,1999],{},"Es ist eine Standardroute konfiguriert",[32,2001,2002,2005],{},[19,2003,2004],{},"Es ist keine Standardroute konfiguriert",": Paket wird gelöscht",[589,2007,2009],{"id":2008},"end-to-end-weiterleitung","End-to-End-Weiterleitung",[29,2011,2012,2015],{},[32,2013,2014],{},"Bei der Weiterleitung wird das Layer-3 Paket (IP) nicht verändert. Lediglich die Layer-2 (MAC) Informationen ändern sich ständig",[32,2016,2017],{},"Falls keine Layer-2 Informationen am bearbeitenden Gerät vorliegen, muss erst ein ARP-Request durchgeführt werden",[1908,2019,1911],{"id":2020},"beispiel-1",[16,2022,2023],{},[315,2024],{"alt":317,"src":2025},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa2_img_1.png",[464,2027,2028,2039,2050,2064,2075],{},[32,2029,2030,2031],{},"PC1 weiß, dass PC2 nicht im eigenen Netz ist -> Sendet Paket ans Standardgateway\n",[464,2032,2033,2036],{},[32,2034,2035],{},"Quell-MAC: PC1",[32,2037,2038],{},"Ziel-MAC: R1",[32,2040,2041,2042],{},"R1 weiß, dass es kein direkt angebundenes Netzwerk ist. Er hat allerdings einen Routeneintrag in dem R2 als Next-Hop für das Netz angegeben wird\n",[464,2043,2044,2047],{},[32,2045,2046],{},"Quell-MAC: R1",[32,2048,2049],{},"Ziel-MAC: R2",[32,2051,2052,2053],{},"R2 weiß, dass es kein direkt angebundenes Netzwerk ist. Er hat allerdings einen Routeneintrag in dem R3 als Next-Hop angegeben wird.\n",[464,2054,2055,2058,2061],{},[32,2056,2057],{},"Quell-MAC: \u002F",[32,2059,2060],{},"Ziel-MAC: 0x8F (Layer-2 Broadcast)",[32,2062,2063],{},"R2 und R3 sind über eine serielle Schnittstelle miteinander verbunden -> R2 muss eine Layer-3 Broadcast-Adresse verwenden und keine Quell-Adresse angeben",[32,2065,2066,2067],{},"R3 weiß, dass es ein direkt verbundenes Netzwerk ist. Er kann die MAC-Adresse des Endgeräts als Zieladresse hinterlegen\n",[464,2068,2069,2072],{},[32,2070,2071],{},"Quell-MAC: R3",[32,2073,2074],{},"Ziel-MAC: PC2",[32,2076,2077],{},"PC2 empfängt Paket auf seiner MAC-Adresse und erkennt, dass es sich um seine IP-Adresse handelt (die IP wurde nie geändert). Es muss also sein Paket sein",[24,2079,2081],{"id":2080},"konfiguration","Konfiguration",[589,2083,2085],{"id":2084},"überprüfungsbefehle","Überprüfungsbefehle",[29,2087,2088,2091,2094,2097,2100,2102,2105],{},[32,2089,2090],{},"show ip interface brief",[32,2092,2093],{},"show running-config interface interface-type number",[32,2095,2096],{},"show interfaces",[32,2098,2099],{},"show ip interface",[32,2101,1726],{},[32,2103,2104],{},"ping",[32,2106,2107],{},"traceroute",[589,2109,2111],{"id":2110},"vollständige-konfiguration","Vollständige Konfiguration",[16,2113,2114],{},"Router> enable",[16,2116,2117],{},"Router# configure terminal",[16,2119,2120],{},"Router(config)# hostname R1",[16,2122,2123],{},"R1(config)# enable secret class",[16,2125,2126],{},"R1(config)# line console 0",[16,2128,2129],{},"R1(config-line)# logging synchronous",[16,2131,2132],{},"R1(config-line)# password cisco",[16,2134,2135],{},"R1(config-line)# login",[16,2137,2138],{},"R1(config-line)# exit",[16,2140,2141],{},"R1(config)# line vty 0 4",[16,2143,2132],{},[16,2145,2135],{},[16,2147,2148],{},"R1(config-line)# transport input ssh telnet",[16,2150,2138],{},[16,2152,2153],{},"R1(config)# service password-encryption",[16,2155,2156],{},"R1(config)# banner motd #WARNING: Unauthorized access is prohibited!#",[16,2158,2159],{},"R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing",[16,2161,2162],{},[19,2163,2164],{},"R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0\u002F0\u002F0",[16,2166,2167],{},[19,2168,2169],{},"R1(config-if)# description Link to LAN 1",[16,2171,2172],{},[19,2173,2174],{},"R1(config-if)# ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0",[16,2176,2177],{},[19,2178,2179],{},"R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:1::1\u002F64",[16,2181,2182],{},[19,2183,2184],{},"R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:a link-local",[16,2186,2187],{},[19,2188,2189],{},"R1(config-if)# no shutdown",[16,2191,2192],{},[19,2193,2194],{},"R1(config-if)# exit",[16,2196,2197],{},"R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0\u002F0\u002F1",[16,2199,2200],{},"R1(config-if)# description Link to LAN 2",[16,2202,2203],{},"R1(config-if)# ip address 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.0",[16,2205,2206],{},"R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:2::1\u002F64",[16,2208,2209],{},"R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:b link-local",[16,2211,2189],{},[16,2213,2194],{},[16,2215,2216],{},"R1(config)# interface serial 0\u002F1\u002F1",[16,2218,2219],{},"R1(config-if)# description Link to R2",[16,2221,2222],{},"R1(config-if)# ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0",[16,2224,2225],{},"R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:3::1\u002F64",[16,2227,2228],{},"R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:c link-local",[16,2230,2189],{},[16,2232,2194],{},[16,2234,2235],{},"R1# copy running-config startup-config",[16,2237,2238,2239,2242],{},"Destination filename ",[1772,2240,2241],{},"startup-config","?",[16,2244,2245],{},"Building configuration...",[16,2247,2248],{},[1772,2249,2250],{},"OK",[16,2252,2253],{},"R1#",{"title":317,"searchDepth":400,"depth":400,"links":2255},[2256,2262,2266,2267,2271],{"id":1718,"depth":400,"text":1719,"children":2257},[2258,2259,2260,2261],{"id":1730,"depth":1187,"text":1731},{"id":1779,"depth":1187,"text":1780},{"id":1805,"depth":1187,"text":1806},{"id":1812,"depth":1187,"text":1813},{"id":1858,"depth":400,"text":1859,"children":2263},[2264,2265],{"id":1888,"depth":1187,"text":1889},{"id":1900,"depth":1187,"text":1901},{"id":1939,"depth":400,"text":1940},{"id":1954,"depth":400,"text":1955,"children":2268},[2269,2270],{"id":1958,"depth":1187,"text":1959},{"id":2008,"depth":1187,"text":2009},{"id":2080,"depth":400,"text":2081,"children":2272},[2273,2274],{"id":2084,"depth":1187,"text":2085},{"id":2110,"depth":1187,"text":2111},{},{"title":2277},"Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 2 (2024\u002F2025)","\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa2","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002FKNT_5-6_ZSMF_SA2.pdf",{"title":426,"description":317},"faecher\u002Fknt\u002F5-6-zsmf-sa2","oGMjUjKvUKaD38xxwhVkkAM5mRfIvtt3bq-_0T-XOTg",{"id":2284,"title":6,"body":2285,"class":3401,"description":317,"extension":408,"meta":3402,"navigation":3403,"path":3405,"pdfDownload":3406,"scope":414,"scopeName":415,"seo":3407,"stem":3408,"subject":418,"subjectName":419,"type":420,"typeName":421,"year":3409,"__hash__":3410},"faecher\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa1.md",{"type":8,"value":2286,"toc":3366},[2287,2291,2308,2312,2328,2332,2378,2382,2386,2439,2443,2465,2469,2521,2525,2586,2590,2636,2640,2644,2663,2667,2698,2702,2726,2730,2741,2746,2750,2766,2770,2784,2788,2796,2800,2803,2829,2833,2850,2854,2974,2978,3039,3043,3058,3060,3065,3069,3089,3092,3095,3099,3105,3108,3117,3120,3123,3127,3130,3133,3136,3139,3142,3147,3150,3154,3188,3191,3195,3199,3237,3240,3243,3247,3250,3253,3282,3285,3288,3291,3296,3298,3301,3307,3309,3340,3343,3347,3351,3360,3363],[11,2288,2290],{"id":2289},"ospf-open-shortest-path-first","OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)",[29,2292,2293,2299,2305],{},[32,2294,2295,2298],{},[19,2296,2297],{},"OSPFv2",": IPv4",[32,2300,2301,2304],{},[19,2302,2303],{},"OSPFv3",": IPv6",[32,2306,2307],{},"V2 und V3 sind strikt getrennt",[24,2309,2311],{"id":2310},"ablösung-für-distant-vector-routing","Ablösung für Distant Vector Routing",[29,2313,2314],{},[32,2315,2316,2319,2320],{},[19,2317,2318],{},"RIP"," (Routing Information Protocol)\n",[29,2321,2322,2325],{},[32,2323,2324],{},"Hop-Anzahl als Angabe für die Effizienz einer Route",[32,2326,2327],{},"Schlecht skalierbar",[24,2329,2331],{"id":2330},"link-state-routing-ospf","Link-State Routing (OSPF)",[29,2333,2334,2341,2364],{},[32,2335,2336,2337,2340],{},"Netzwerk kann in verschiedene „",[19,2338,2339],{},"Areas","“ aufgeteilt werden",[32,2342,2343,2344],{},"Link kann sein…\n",[29,2345,2346,2352,2358],{},[32,2347,2348,2351],{},[19,2349,2350],{},"Interface"," an einem Router",[32,2353,2354,2357],{},[19,2355,2356],{},"Netzwerksegment",", dass zwei Router verbindet",[32,2359,2360,2363],{},[19,2361,2362],{},"Endnetzwerk",", das nur mit einem Router verbunden ist",[32,2365,2366,2367],{},"Link-State beinhält…\n",[29,2368,2369,2372,2375],{},[32,2370,2371],{},"Netzwerk-Prefix",[32,2373,2374],{},"Subnetz-Prefix",[32,2376,2377],{},"Kosten",[24,2379,2381],{"id":2380},"ospf-komponenten","OSPF-Komponenten",[589,2383,2385],{"id":2384},"ospf-pakete-link-state-packets","OSPF-Pakete (Link-State-Packets)",[464,2387,2388,2408,2421,2427,2433],{},[32,2389,2390,2393,2394],{},[19,2391,2392],{},"Hello Paket",":\n",[29,2395,2396,2399,2402,2405],{},[32,2397,2398],{},"Nachbarschaft mit anderen OSPF-Routern herstellen und halten",[32,2400,2401],{},"Beinhält Parameter, die bei benachbarten Routern übereinstimmen müssen, damit sie benachbart sein können",[32,2403,2404],{},"Designated-Router und Backup-Designated-Router aushandeln",[32,2406,2407],{},"Dead-Intervall: Zeit bis ein Nachbar-Router als down definiert wird und einen Topology-Change auslöst",[32,2409,2410,2393,2413],{},[19,2411,2412],{},"Database-Description-Paket (DBD)",[29,2414,2415,2418],{},[32,2416,2417],{},"Enthält abgekürzte Version der eigenen LSDB",[32,2419,2420],{},"LSDB muss überall gleich sein -> Empfänger gleicht DBD mit eigener LSDB ab",[32,2422,2423,2426],{},[19,2424,2425],{},"Link-State-Request (LSR):"," Nach mehr Informationen zu einem DBD fragen",[32,2428,2429,2432],{},[19,2430,2431],{},"Link-State-Update (LSU):"," Antwort auf LSR -> Bekanntmachen von Informationen durch LSAs",[32,2434,2435,2438],{},[19,2436,2437],{},"Link-State-Acknowledgement (LSAck):"," Empfänger bestätigt den Erhalt eines LSU-Pakets",[589,2440,2442],{"id":2441},"algorithmus","Algorithmus",[29,2444,2445,2448,2451,2462],{},[32,2446,2447],{},"Dijkstra Shortest-Path-First Algorithmus",[32,2449,2450],{},"Errechnet die kumulativen Kosten um ein Ziel zu erreichen",[32,2452,2453,2454],{},"Erstellt SPF-Baum\n",[29,2455,2456,2459],{},[32,2457,2458],{},"Setzt jeden Router als Beginn des Baums",[32,2460,2461],{},"Errechnet dann den kürzesten Pfad zu jedem anderen Router",[32,2463,2464],{},"Daraus entstehen die Routen für die Forwarding-Database",[589,2466,2468],{"id":2467},"datenstrukturen","Datenstrukturen",[29,2470,2471,2487,2506],{},[32,2472,2473,2476],{},[19,2474,2475],{},"Adjacency-Datenbank",[29,2477,2478,2481,2484],{},[32,2479,2480],{},"Benachbarte Router, zu denen es eine bidirektionale Verbindung gibt",[32,2482,2483],{},"Einzigartig pro Router",[32,2485,2486],{},"Show ip ospf neighbor",[32,2488,2489,2492],{},[19,2490,2491],{},"Link-State-Datenbank",[29,2493,2494,2497,2500,2503],{},[32,2495,2496],{},"Alle anderen Router im Netzwerk",[32,2498,2499],{},"Stellt Topologie dar",[32,2501,2502],{},"Identisch bei jedem Router",[32,2504,2505],{},"Show ip ospf database",[32,2507,2508,2511],{},[19,2509,2510],{},"Forwarding-Datenbank",[29,2512,2513,2516,2518],{},[32,2514,2515],{},"Durch Algorithmus generierte Routen auf Basis der LSDB",[32,2517,2483],{},[32,2519,2520],{},"Show ip route",[24,2522,2524],{"id":2523},"ablauf-link-state-operation","Ablauf: Link-State Operation",[464,2526,2527,2540,2553,2566,2576],{},[32,2528,2529,2532],{},[19,2530,2531],{},"Neighbor-Adjacency einrichten",[29,2533,2534,2537],{},[32,2535,2536],{},"OSPF-Router müssen prüfen ob es weitere OSPF-Router in der „Nachbarschaft“ gibt",[32,2538,2539],{},"Senden „Hello“-Pakete aus allen OSPF-Schnittstellen",[32,2541,2542,2545],{},[19,2543,2544],{},"Link-State-Advertisements (LSAs) austauschen",[29,2546,2547,2550],{},[32,2548,2549],{},"Es werden Status und Kosten von jedem angebundenen Link an die Nachbarn ausgetauscht",[32,2551,2552],{},"Jeder Router sendet alle LSAs auch an alle anderen Router weiter, bis jeder Router alle LSAs hat",[32,2554,2555,2558],{},[19,2556,2557],{},"Link-State Datenbank bauen",[29,2559,2560,2563],{},[32,2561,2562],{},"Aus allen erhaltenen LSAs wird die LSDB gebaut",[32,2564,2565],{},"Daraus resultiert die Netzwerktopologie",[32,2567,2568,2571],{},[19,2569,2570],{},"Ausführen des SPF-Algorithmus",[29,2572,2573],{},[32,2574,2575],{},"Es wird auf der Basis der LSDB der SPF-Baum erstellt",[32,2577,2578,2581],{},[19,2579,2580],{},"Beste Route wählen",[29,2582,2583],{},[32,2584,2585],{},"Die besten Routen aus dem SPF-Baum zu jedem Netzwerk werden in die Routingtabelle aufgenommen, außer es gibt dort bereits eine Route zu diesem Netzwerk mit einer niedrigeren administrativen Distanz (z.B. statische Route)",[24,2587,2589],{"id":2588},"single-multi-area","Single- & Multi-Area",[29,2591,2592,2598],{},[32,2593,2594,2597],{},[19,2595,2596],{},"Single-Area",": Alle Router sind in derselben Area (Normalerweise: 0)",[32,2599,2600,2393,2603],{},[19,2601,2602],{},"Multi-Area",[29,2604,2605,2608,2611,2614],{},[32,2606,2607],{},"Hierarchische Abtrennung von Areas",[32,2609,2610],{},"Alle Areas müssen mit dem Backbone (Area: 0) verbunden sein",[32,2612,2613],{},"Router zwischen Areas sind „Area Border Routers“ (ARBs)",[32,2615,72,2616],{},[29,2617,2618,2624,2630],{},[32,2619,2620,2623],{},[19,2621,2622],{},"Kleinere Routingtabellen",": Weniger Einträge, da Netzwerkadressen zusammengefasst werden können",[32,2625,2626,2629],{},[19,2627,2628],{},"Reduzierter Berechnungsaufwand",": Neuberechnung der Datenbank nach Topology-Change nur für eigene Area",[32,2631,2632,2635],{},[19,2633,2634],{},"Reduzierte Anzahl von Berechnungen",": LSA-Floods sind geringer, da weniger Router in derselben Area sind",[24,2637,2639],{"id":2638},"designated-router-dr-notwendigkeit","Designated-Router (DR) Notwendigkeit",[589,2641,2643],{"id":2642},"problem","Problem",[29,2645,2646,2649,2652,2655],{},[32,2647,2648],{},"Bei der Initialisierung oder bei Topology-Changes werden jedes Mal wieder LSAs von jedem Router versendet",[32,2650,2651],{},"Netzwerk kann stark belastet werden",[32,2653,2654],{},"Durch die Erstellung von Neighbor Ajacencies können viele Nachbarschaften entstehen",[32,2656,2657,2658],{},"Unnötig\n",[29,2659,2660],{},[32,2661,2662],{},"Bei 5 Routern im selben Netz -> 10 Nachbarschaften (20 R -> 190 N): n(n-1) \u002F2",[589,2664,2666],{"id":2665},"lösung","Lösung",[29,2668,2669,2686,2689,2692,2695],{},[32,2670,2671,2672],{},"Es wird ein Designated Router erklärt (Zusätzlich auch ein Backup Designated Router (BDR) für den Fall des Ausfalls des DR)\n",[29,2673,2674,2677,2680,2683],{},[32,2675,2676],{},"Router mit der höchsten konfigurierten Interface-Priorität wird DR, zweithöchste wird BDR",[32,2678,2679],{},"Router die mit der Prio 0 konfiguriert wurden können nicht DR oder BDR werden",[32,2681,2682],{},"Wenn keine Prio konfiguriert ist (alle Router Prio 1) wird die Router-ID zur Entscheidung verwendet",[32,2684,2685],{},"Kommt ein neuer Router mit einer höheren ID hinzu wird die Wahl nicht wiederholt",[32,2687,2688],{},"Alle anderen Router werden zu DROthers",[32,2690,2691],{},"Alle Router senden nur noch an DR und BDR LSAs",[32,2693,2694],{},"Der aktive DR verteilt dann an alle anderen Router das empfangene LSA",[32,2696,2697],{},"Beim Ausfall des DR übernimmt der BDR und der DROther mit der höchsten Prio wird zum neuen BDR",[24,2699,2701],{"id":2700},"ospf-router-id","OSPF-Router-ID",[29,2703,2704,2707,2710],{},[32,2705,2706],{},"Elementarer Bestandteil von OSPF",[32,2708,2709],{},"32bit-Wert in Form einer IP-Adresse",[32,2711,2712,2713],{},"Jeder Router hat eine OSPF-Router-ID\n",[29,2714,2715],{},[32,2716,2717,2718],{},"Verwendet die ID um…\n",[29,2719,2720,2723],{},[32,2721,2722],{},"Am Synchronisierungsprozess der OSPF Datenbanken teilzunehmen (Höchste ID beginnt)",[32,2724,2725],{},"Um den DR (Höchste ID) und BDR (Zweithöchste ID) zu bestimmen",[589,2727,2729],{"id":2728},"bestimmungsprozess","Bestimmungsprozess",[464,2731,2732,2735,2738],{},[32,2733,2734],{},"Ist die ID manuell festgelegt -> Manuelle ID verwenden",[32,2736,2737],{},"Loopback-IP ist konfiguriert -> Loopback-IP als ID verwenden",[32,2739,2740],{},"Höchste aktive konfigurierte IP-Adresse verwenden",[29,2742,2743],{},[32,2744,2745],{},"Wird die ID im Nachgang verändert muss OSPF neugestartet werden, da bereits mit der vorherigen ID Nachbarschaften bekanntgemacht wurden",[24,2747,2749],{"id":2748},"wildcard-maske","Wildcard-Maske",[29,2751,2752,2763],{},[32,2753,2754,2757,2758],{},[19,2755,2756],{},"Berechnung",": \u002F32-Subnetzmaske – Konfigurierte Subnetzmaske = Wildcard-Maske\n",[29,2759,2760],{},[32,2761,2762],{},"Umkehrung der Subnetzmaske",[32,2764,2765],{},"Notwendig bei der Netzwerkkonfiguration für OSPF an einem Router",[24,2767,2769],{"id":2768},"punkt-zu-punkt-ospf-netzwerke","Punkt-zu-Punkt OSPF-Netzwerke",[29,2771,2772,2775,2778,2781],{},[32,2773,2774],{},"Direkte Verbindung zwischen zwei Routern",[32,2776,2777],{},"Wahl des DR und BDR überflüssig",[32,2779,2780],{},"Wenig Overhead, da LSAs nur zwischen zwei Routern ausgetauscht werden müssen",[32,2782,2783],{},"Einfacher Aufbau",[24,2785,2787],{"id":2786},"multiaccess-ospf-netzwerke","Multiaccess OSPF-Netzwerke",[29,2789,2790,2793],{},[32,2791,2792],{},"Mehrere Router im selben Netzwerk",[32,2794,2795],{},"DR und BDR werden gewählt um Netzlast zu reduzieren",[24,2797,2799],{"id":2798},"single-area-ospf-netze-anpassen","Single-Area OSPF Netze anpassen",[589,2801,2377],{"id":2802},"kosten",[29,2804,2805,2813,2821,2826],{},[32,2806,2807,2808],{},"Kosten einer Route sind abhängig von der Bandbreite der Schnittstelle\n",[29,2809,2810],{},[32,2811,2812],{},"Je höher die Bandbreite, desto niedriger die Kosten",[32,2814,2815,2816],{},"Kosten für 100M, 1G und 10G sind gleich, da sie immer auf 1 gerundet werden\n",[29,2817,2818],{},[32,2819,2820],{},"Um bessere Leitungen zu priorisieren müssen die Kosten manuell konfiguriert werden -> Kosten für 100M und 1G sollten höher sein als für 10G",[32,2822,2823,2825],{},[19,2824,2756],{},": Referenzbandbreite \u002F Bandbreite = Kosten",[32,2827,2828],{},"Kosten für eine Route werden aus der Summe der verwendeten Leitungen berechnet",[24,2830,2832],{"id":2831},"default-route","Default-Route",[29,2834,2835,2838,2844,2847],{},[32,2836,2837],{},"Wird verwendet um Traffic in andere Netze weiterzuleiten (z.B. Internet)",[32,2839,2840,2843],{},[19,2841,2842],{},"Autonomous-System-Boundary-Router (ASBR):"," Router der zwischen einem OSPF- und einem Nicht-OSPF-Netz hängt",[32,2845,2846],{},"Route muss am ASBR angelegt werden (ip route 0.0.0.0\u002F0 next-hop)",[32,2848,2849],{},"ASBR muss als Quelle der Route festgelegt werden für OSPF (default-information originate)",[24,2851,2853],{"id":2852},"befehle","Befehle",[86,2855,2856,2870],{},[89,2857,2858],{},[92,2859,2860,2865],{},[95,2861,2862],{},[19,2863,2864],{},"Befehl",[95,2866,2867],{},[19,2868,2869],{},"Funktion",[111,2871,2872,2883,2894,2921,2932,2942,2953,2964],{},[92,2873,2874,2880],{},[116,2875,2876,2877],{},"router ospf ",[1767,2878,2879],{},"process-id",[116,2881,2882],{},"OSPF aktivieren",[92,2884,2885,2891],{},[116,2886,2887,2888],{},"router-id ",[1767,2889,2890],{},"id",[116,2892,2893],{},"OSPF-ID festlegen",[92,2895,2896,2918],{},[116,2897,2898,2899,2902,2903,2906,2907,2910,2911,2913,2914,2902,2916],{},"Network ",[1767,2900,2901],{},"network-address wildcard-mask"," area ",[1767,2904,2905],{},"area-id","  Oder  Network ",[1767,2908,2909],{},"interface-ip"," 0.0.0.0 area ",[1767,2912,2905],{},"  Oder (pro Interface)  Ip ospf ",[1767,2915,2879],{},[1767,2917,2905],{},[116,2919,2920],{},"OSPF Netzwerk an einem Router festlegen",[92,2922,2923,2929],{},[116,2924,2925,2926],{},"Passive-interface ",[1767,2927,2928],{},"interface-id",[116,2930,2931],{},"OSPF-Advertisements deaktivieren auf einem Interface",[92,2933,2934,2939],{},[116,2935,2936,2937],{},"Show ip ospf interface ",[1767,2938,2928],{},[116,2940,2941],{},"OSPF Informationen einer Netzwerkschnittstelle anzeigen",[92,2943,2944,2950],{},[116,2945,2946,2947],{},"Ip ospf priority ",[1767,2948,2949],{},"value",[116,2951,2952],{},"OSPF Priorität auf einer Netzwerkschnittstelle festlegen",[92,2954,2955,2961],{},[116,2956,2957,2958],{},"Auto-cost reference-bandwidth ",[1767,2959,2960],{},"bandwidth",[116,2962,2963],{},"Referenzbandbreite für die Berechnung der Kosten festlegen",[92,2965,2966,2971],{},[116,2967,2968,2969],{},"Ip ospf cost ",[1767,2970,2949],{},[116,2972,2973],{},"Manuelles festlegen der Kosten",[11,2975,2977],{"id":2976},"access-control-lists-acls","Access Control Lists (ACLs)",[29,2979,2980,2983,2986,2993,2996,3012,3028],{},[32,2981,2982],{},"Liste aus Access Control Entries",[32,2984,2985],{},"Access Control Entries: Filter für Netzwerkverkehr (deny\u002Fallow)",[32,2987,2988,2989,2992],{},"Jedes Paket wird mit den auf dem Interface festgelegten ACEs abgeglichen (",[19,2990,2991],{},"Layer 3 & 4",")",[32,2994,2995],{},"Fördern Sicherheit und\u002Foder Performance",[32,2997,2998,2999,3002,3003,3006,3007],{},"Können auf eingehenden (",[19,3000,3001],{},"inbound",") und ausgehenden (",[19,3004,3005],{},"outbound",") Verkehr konfiguriert werden\n",[29,3008,3009],{},[32,3010,3011],{},"Inbound spart dem Router das heraussuchen der passenden Route",[32,3013,3014,2393,3017],{},[19,3015,3016],{},"Ablauf",[29,3018,3019,3022,3025],{},[32,3020,3021],{},"Jedes Paket durchläuft die ACL und damit jeden darin enthaltenen ACE nacheinander",[32,3023,3024],{},"Sobald ein ACE mit der Quell-IP übereinstimmt wird die ACE Aktion ausgeführt",[32,3026,3027],{},"Gibt es keinen Treffer wird das Paket verworfen, da am Ende jeder ACL ein implizites Deny-All existiert",[32,3029,3030,3031],{},"Bei der Erstellung von ACEs werden ebenfalls Wildcard-Masken verwendet (siehe OSPF)\n",[29,3032,3033,3036],{},[32,3034,3035],{},"0.0.0.0 kann durch „host“ ersetzt werden",[32,3037,3038],{},"255.255.255.255 kann durch „any“ ersetzt werden",[24,3040,3042],{"id":3041},"standard-acls","Standard-ACLs",[29,3044,3045,3048,3055],{},[32,3046,3047],{},"Filter nur anhand der Quell-IP-Adresse",[32,3049,3050,3051,3054],{},"Typischerweise am ",[19,3052,3053],{},"Ziel"," angewandt",[32,3056,3057],{},"Können auch mittels „access-class“ auf Terminal-Schnittstellen gelegt werden um den Zugriff auf Geräte zu limitieren",[589,3059,2081],{"id":2080},[29,3061,3062],{},[32,3063,3064],{},"Beispiele in grün",[1908,3066,3068],{"id":3067},"nummerierte-standard-acl","Nummerierte Standard-ACL",[16,3070,3071,3072,3075,3076,3079,3080,3083,3084],{},"access-list ",[1767,3073,3074],{},"access-list-number"," {deny | permit | remark ",[1767,3077,3078],{},"text","} ",[1767,3081,3082],{},"source"," ",[1772,3085,3086],{},[1767,3087,3088],{},"source-wildcard",[16,3090,3091],{},"access-list 10 permit 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255",[16,3093,3094],{},"access-list 10 permit host 192.168.20.1",[1908,3096,3098],{"id":3097},"benannte-standard-acl","Benannte Standard-ACL",[16,3100,3101,3102],{},"ip access-list standard ",[1767,3103,3104],{},"access-list-name",[16,3106,3107],{},"ip access-list standard PERMIT-ACCESS",[16,3109,3110,3111,3083,3113],{},"permit ",[1767,3112,3082],{},[1772,3114,3115],{},[1767,3116,3088],{},[16,3118,3119],{},"permit 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255",[16,3121,3122],{},"permit host 192.168.10.10",[1908,3124,3126],{"id":3125},"bearbeiten","Bearbeiten",[16,3128,3129],{},"Ip access-list standard {access-list-name | access-list-number}",[16,3131,3132],{},"Ip access-list standard PERMIT-ACCESS",[16,3134,3135],{},"Ip access-list standard 10",[16,3137,3138],{},"No sequence-number",[16,3140,3141],{},"No 10",[16,3143,3144,3145],{},"Sequence-number {deny | permit | remark text} source ",[1772,3146,3088],{},[16,3148,3149],{},"10 permit host 192.168.20.21",[24,3151,3153],{"id":3152},"extended-acls","Extended-ACLs",[29,3155,3156,3173,3185],{},[32,3157,3158,3159],{},"Filter anhand…\n",[29,3160,3161,3164,3167,3170],{},[32,3162,3163],{},"Quell-IP-Adresse",[32,3165,3166],{},"Ziel-IP-Adresse",[32,3168,3169],{},"TCP\u002FUDP-Ports",[32,3171,3172],{},"Protokoll",[32,3174,3175,3176,3179,3180],{},"Typischerweise an der ",[19,3177,3178],{},"Quelle"," angewandt\n",[29,3181,3182],{},[32,3183,3184],{},"Bandbreite einsparen",[32,3186,3187],{},"Kann stateful arbeiten: TCP-Replies zulassen aber TCP-Requests nicht (established)",[589,3189,2081],{"id":3190},"konfiguration-1",[29,3192,3193],{},[32,3194,3064],{},[1908,3196,3198],{"id":3197},"nummerierte-extended-acl","Nummerierte Extended-ACL",[16,3200,3071,3201,3075,3203,3079,3205,3083,3208,3083,3210,3083,3212,3083,3222,3083,3225,3083,3228,3083,3234],{},[1767,3202,3074],{},[1767,3204,3078],{},[1767,3206,3207],{},"protocol",[1767,3209,3082],{},[1767,3211,3088],{},[1772,3213,3214,3217,3218,3221],{},[1767,3215,3216],{},"operator"," {",[1767,3219,3220],{},"port","}",[1767,3223,3224],{},"destination",[1767,3226,3227],{},"destination-wildcard",[1772,3229,3230,3217,3232,3221],{},[1767,3231,3216],{},[1767,3233,3220],{},[1772,3235,3236],{},"established",[16,3238,3239],{},"access-list 10 permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443",[16,3241,3242],{},"access-list 20 permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 eq www",[1908,3244,3246],{"id":3245},"benannte-extended-acl","Benannte Extended ACL",[16,3248,3249],{},"Ip access-list extended access-list-name",[16,3251,3252],{},"Ip access-list extended SURFING",[16,3254,3255,3256,3079,3258,3083,3260,3083,3262,3083,3264,3083,3270,3083,3272,3083,3274,3083,3280],{},"{deny | permit | remark ",[1767,3257,3078],{},[1767,3259,3207],{},[1767,3261,3082],{},[1767,3263,3088],{},[1772,3265,3266,3217,3268,3221],{},[1767,3267,3216],{},[1767,3269,3220],{},[1767,3271,3224],{},[1767,3273,3227],{},[1772,3275,3276,3217,3278,3221],{},[1767,3277,3216],{},[1767,3279,3220],{},[1772,3281,3236],{},[16,3283,3284],{},"Permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 80",[16,3286,3287],{},"Permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 443",[1908,3289,3126],{"id":3290},"bearbeiten-1",[16,3292,3293,3294,3221],{},"Ip access-list extended {access*-list-name* | ",[1767,3295,3074],{},[16,3297,3252],{},[16,3299,3300],{},"Ip access-list extended 10",[16,3302,3303,3304],{},"No ",[1767,3305,3306],{},"sequence-number",[16,3308,3141],{},[16,3310,3311,3075,3314,3079,3316,3083,3318,3083,3320,3083,3322,3083,3328,3083,3330,3083,3332,3083,3338],{},[1767,3312,3313],{},"Sequence-number",[1767,3315,3078],{},[1767,3317,3207],{},[1767,3319,3082],{},[1767,3321,3088],{},[1772,3323,3324,3217,3326,3221],{},[1767,3325,3216],{},[1767,3327,3220],{},[1767,3329,3224],{},[1767,3331,3227],{},[1772,3333,3334,3217,3336,3221],{},[1767,3335,3216],{},[1767,3337,3220],{},[1772,3339,3236],{},[16,3341,3342],{},"10 permit tcp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any eq www",[24,3344,3346],{"id":3345},"allgemeingültige-konfiguration","Allgemeingültige Konfiguration",[589,3348,3350],{"id":3349},"anwenden-auf-interface","Anwenden auf Interface",[16,3352,3353,3354,3356,3357,3359],{},"ip access-group {",[1767,3355,3074],{}," | ",[1767,3358,3104],{},"} {in | out}",[16,3361,3362],{},"ip access-group 10 out",[16,3364,3365],{},"ip access-group PERMIT-ACCESS out",{"title":317,"searchDepth":400,"depth":400,"links":3367},[3368,3369,3370,3375,3376,3377,3381,3384,3385,3386,3387,3390,3391,3392,3395,3398],{"id":2310,"depth":400,"text":2311},{"id":2330,"depth":400,"text":2331},{"id":2380,"depth":400,"text":2381,"children":3371},[3372,3373,3374],{"id":2384,"depth":1187,"text":2385},{"id":2441,"depth":1187,"text":2442},{"id":2467,"depth":1187,"text":2468},{"id":2523,"depth":400,"text":2524},{"id":2588,"depth":400,"text":2589},{"id":2638,"depth":400,"text":2639,"children":3378},[3379,3380],{"id":2642,"depth":1187,"text":2643},{"id":2665,"depth":1187,"text":2666},{"id":2700,"depth":400,"text":2701,"children":3382},[3383],{"id":2728,"depth":1187,"text":2729},{"id":2748,"depth":400,"text":2749},{"id":2768,"depth":400,"text":2769},{"id":2786,"depth":400,"text":2787},{"id":2798,"depth":400,"text":2799,"children":3388},[3389],{"id":2802,"depth":1187,"text":2377},{"id":2831,"depth":400,"text":2832},{"id":2852,"depth":400,"text":2853},{"id":3041,"depth":400,"text":3042,"children":3393},[3394],{"id":2080,"depth":1187,"text":2081},{"id":3152,"depth":400,"text":3153,"children":3396},[3397],{"id":3190,"depth":1187,"text":2081},{"id":3345,"depth":400,"text":3346,"children":3399},[3400],{"id":3349,"depth":1187,"text":3350},"7-8",{},{"title":3404},"Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 1 (2025\u002F2026)","\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa1","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002FKNT_7-8_ZSMF_SA1.pdf",{"title":6,"description":317},"faecher\u002Fknt\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa1","2025\u002F2026","6x44BWRWpcA28-VdEazhKd9dEn_xxPI25qOOJYYDS5E",{"id":3412,"title":426,"body":3413,"class":3401,"description":317,"extension":408,"meta":4057,"navigation":4058,"path":4060,"pdfDownload":4061,"scope":1218,"scopeName":1219,"seo":4062,"stem":4063,"subject":418,"subjectName":419,"type":420,"typeName":421,"year":3409,"__hash__":4064},"faecher\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2.md",{"type":8,"value":3414,"toc":4037},[3415,3419,3434,3436,3450,3454,3465,3469,3546,3550,3554,3559,3579,3583,3588,3597,3601,3606,3658,3662,3706,3710,3765,3769,3780,3785,3789,3856,3859,3864,3926,3930,3935,3939,3944,3955,3959,3964,3980,3984,3989,4000,4004,4009,4020,4024,4029],[11,3416,3418],{"id":3417},"nat-ipv4-network-address-translation","NAT IPv4 (Network Address Translation)",[29,3420,3421,3426,3429],{},[32,3422,3423,3425],{},[19,3424,2643],{},": Nicht ausreichend IPv4 Adressen verfügbar",[32,3427,3428],{},"Private IPv4-Adressen werden nicht ins Internet geroutet",[32,3430,3431,3433],{},[19,3432,2666],{},": Wechsel zu IPv6 \u002F Translation",[24,3435,914],{"id":913},[29,3437,3438,3441,3447],{},[32,3439,3440],{},"Erhält öffentliche IPv4 Adressen",[32,3442,3443,3446],{},[19,3444,3445],{},"Datenschutz",": Kein direkter Rückschluss von extern durch die öffentliche IP-Adresse auf den Ursprungs-Client",[32,3448,3449],{},"Keine Änderung an internen Clients notwendig beim ISP-Wechsel",[24,3451,3453],{"id":3452},"nachteile","Nachteile",[29,3455,3456,3459,3462],{},[32,3457,3458],{},"Zusätzliche Verzögerung durch NAT\u002FPAT (Kritisch bei Echtzeitprotokollen -> VoIP)",[32,3460,3461],{},"End-to-End-Adressierung geht verloren (Manche Anwendungen kommen nicht mit NAT klar)",[32,3463,3464],{},"Fehlersuche durch Adressänderung erschwert",[24,3466,3468],{"id":3467},"begriffe","Begriffe",[29,3470,3471,3477,3483,3489,3495,3501,3507,3513,3519,3525],{},[32,3472,3473,3476],{},[19,3474,3475],{},"NAT-Pool",": Menge an öffentlichen IP-Adressen an einem Router",[32,3478,3479,3482],{},[19,3480,3481],{},"Interne Adresse",": Adresse des Geräts, die mit NAT übersetzt wird",[32,3484,3485,3488],{},[19,3486,3487],{},"Externe Adresse",": Adresse des Zielgeräts",[32,3490,3491,3494],{},[19,3492,3493],{},"Lokale Adresse",": Im internen Netzwerk verwendet (Gibt Perspektive an)",[32,3496,3497,3500],{},[19,3498,3499],{},"Globale Adresse",": Im externen Netzwerk verwendet (Gibt Perspektive an)",[32,3502,3503,3506],{},[19,3504,3505],{},"Intern Lokal",": Adresse der Quelle aus Perspektive des internen Netzwerks",[32,3508,3509,3512],{},[19,3510,3511],{},"Intern Global",": Adresse der Quelle aus der Perspektive des externen Netzwerks",[32,3514,3515,3518],{},[19,3516,3517],{},"Extern Global",": Adresse des Ziels aus der Perspektive des externen Netzwerks",[32,3520,3521,3524],{},[19,3522,3523],{},"Extern Lokal",": Adresse des Ziels aus der Perspektive des internen Netzwerks",[32,3526,3527,3529,3530],{},[19,3528,1911],{},": PC sendet Daten an Öffentlichen Webserver\n",[29,3531,3532,3540,3543],{},[32,3533,3534,3535],{},"Interne Lokale wird am NAT-Router zur internen globalen Adresse\n",[29,3536,3537],{},[32,3538,3539],{},"Private IP-Adresse (RFC1918) -> Öffentliche IP-Adresse aus NAT-Pool",[32,3541,3542],{},"Externe globale Adresse (also Ziel-IP) ändert sich in der Regel nicht, da das Ziel meistens öffentlich ist. Extern global und extern lokal sind dann identisch",[32,3544,3545],{},"Aus Sicht des öffentlichen Zielservers ist die Quell-IP die Interne globale Adresse (also öffentliche IP aus NAT-Pool)",[11,3547,3549],{"id":3548},"arten-von-nat","Arten von NAT",[589,3551,3553],{"id":3552},"statisches-nat","Statisches NAT",[16,3555,3556],{},[315,3557],{"alt":317,"src":3558},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_1.png",[29,3560,3561,3564,3567,3570,3573,3576],{},[32,3562,3563],{},"1:1 Übersetzung der privaten in öffentliche Adressen",[32,3565,3566],{},"Für das Internet haben die einzelnen Geräte öffentliche IP-Adressen",[32,3568,3569],{},"Manuell konfiguriert und zugeordnet",[32,3571,3572],{},"Hilfreich, wenn Geräte von der gleichen öffentlichen IP erreichbar bleiben müssen (Webserver)",[32,3574,3575],{},"Benötigt ausreichend öffentliche IP-Adressen",[32,3577,3578],{},"Nur so viele parallele Sitzungen möglich wie öffentliche IP-Adressen verfügbar sind",[589,3580,3582],{"id":3581},"dynamisches-nat","Dynamisches NAT",[16,3584,3585],{},[315,3586],{"alt":317,"src":3587},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_2.png",[29,3589,3590,3592,3595],{},[32,3591,3563],{},[32,3593,3594],{},"Öffentliche IP-Adressen aus dem NAT-Pool werden bei einer Anfrage nach dem First-Come-First-Serve-Prinzip vergeben",[32,3596,3578],{},[589,3598,3600],{"id":3599},"port-address-translation-pat","Port Address Translation (PAT)",[16,3602,3603],{},[315,3604],{"alt":317,"src":3605},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_3.png",[29,3607,3608,3616,3652,3655],{},[32,3609,3610,3611],{},"N:1\u002FM Übersetzung\n",[29,3612,3613],{},[32,3614,3615],{},"Beliebig viele private Adressen zu einer oder mehreren öffentlichen Adressen",[32,3617,3618,3619],{},"Kommunikation eines internen Clients mit einem Webserver:\n",[29,3620,3621,3624,3635,3638,3641],{},[32,3622,3623],{},"Client sendet Paket an Webserver und wählt einen Quell-Port",[32,3625,3626,3627],{},"Router prüft, ob der Quell-Port schon in Verwendung ist\n",[29,3628,3629,3632],{},[32,3630,3631],{},"Wenn nicht wir der Port übernommen",[32,3633,3634],{},"Wenn bereits in Verwendung wird der nächste verfügbare Port verwendet",[32,3636,3637],{},"Router setzt interne globale Adresse + Quell-Port",[32,3639,3640],{},"Webserver antwortet auf diese IP-Adresse und setzt Quell-Port als Ziel-Port",[32,3642,3643,3644],{},"Router kann das Paket vom Webserver eindeutig dem Client zuordnen.\n",[29,3645,3646,3649],{},[32,3647,3648],{},"Je nachdem, ob der Router den Port anpassen musste, stellt er den Ausgangs-Port wieder her",[32,3650,3651],{},"Zusätzliche Sicherheit: PAT prüft zusätzlich, ob die Daten vom Webserver überhaupt zuvor angefordert wurden",[32,3653,3654],{},"Wenn alle Ports einer IP-Adresse aus dem NAT-Pool ausgeschöpft sind, wird mit der nächsten weiter gemacht, bis keine IP-Adressen und Ports mehr verfügbar sind",[32,3656,3657],{},"Pakete ohne Schicht-4-Segment (Ohne Portnummer) erhalten vom Router eine Abfrage-ID um Anfrage und Antwort zuordnen zu können",[24,3659,3661],{"id":3660},"cli","CLI",[86,3663,3664,3677],{},[89,3665,3666],{},[92,3667,3668,3672],{},[95,3669,3670],{},[19,3671,2864],{},[95,3673,3674],{},[19,3675,3676],{},"Verwendung",[111,3678,3679,3690,3698],{},[92,3680,3681,3687],{},[116,3682,3683,3684],{},"show ip nat translations ",[1772,3685,3686],{},"verbose",[116,3688,3689],{},"Ausgabe aller konfigurierten \u002F dynamischen Übersetzungen. Ggf. inklusive aktueller Externen Adressen  „verbose“ gibt zusätzliche Informationen an (Zeit)",[92,3691,3692,3695],{},[116,3693,3694],{},"clear ip nat translations",[116,3696,3697],{},"Löschte alle dynamischen Übersetzungseinträge",[92,3699,3700,3703],{},[116,3701,3702],{},"show ip nat statistics",[116,3704,3705],{},"Zeigt Verwendete Interfaces, aktive Übersetzungen, Konfiguration, Anzahl der Adressen im Pool, Anzahl der zugewiesenen Adressen",[24,3707,3709],{"id":3708},"rfc1918-address-allocation-for-private-internets","RFC1918: Address Allocation for Private Internets",[86,3711,3712,3731],{},[89,3713,3714],{},[92,3715,3716,3721,3726],{},[95,3717,3718],{},[19,3719,3720],{},"Klasse",[95,3722,3723],{},[19,3724,3725],{},"Bereich",[95,3727,3728],{},[19,3729,3730],{},"Prefix",[111,3732,3733,3743,3754],{},[92,3734,3735,3737,3740],{},[116,3736,507],{},[116,3738,3739],{},"10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255",[116,3741,3742],{},"10.0.0.0\u002F8",[92,3744,3745,3748,3751],{},[116,3746,3747],{},"B",[116,3749,3750],{},"172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255",[116,3752,3753],{},"172.16.0.0\u002F12",[92,3755,3756,3759,3762],{},[116,3757,3758],{},"C",[116,3760,3761],{},"192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255",[116,3763,3764],{},"192.168.0.0\u002F16",[11,3766,3768],{"id":3767},"wide-area-network-wan","Wide Area Network (WAN)",[29,3770,3771,3777],{},[32,3772,3773,3776],{},[19,3774,3775],{},"WAN",": Kommunikationsnetz, dass sich über einen großen geografischen Bereich erstreckt",[32,3778,3779],{},"Notwendig um Remote-LANs mit dem eignen LAN zu vernetzen",[16,3781,3782],{},[315,3783],{"alt":317,"src":3784},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_4.png",[24,3786,3788],{"id":3787},"wans-im-osi-modell","WANs im OSI-Modell",[29,3790,3791,3794,3823],{},[32,3792,3793],{},"Auf Layer 1 (Bitübertragunsschicht \u002F Physical Layer) und 2 (Sicherungsschicht \u002F Datalink Layer)",[32,3795,3796,2393,3799],{},[19,3797,3798],{},"Layer 1",[29,3800,3801,3804],{},[32,3802,3803],{},"Elektronische, Mechanische Übertragung von Bits",[32,3805,3806,3807],{},"Provider verwenden meistens Glasfaser für hohe Bandbreite und lange Strecken\n",[29,3808,3809],{},[32,3810,3811,3812],{},"Protokoll-Standards:\n",[29,3813,3814,3817,3820],{},[32,3815,3816],{},"SDH: Synchronous Digial Hierachy",[32,3818,3819],{},"SONET: Synchronous Optical Networking",[32,3821,3822],{},"DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing",[32,3824,3825,2393,3828],{},[19,3826,3827],{},"Layer 2",[29,3829,3830,3833],{},[32,3831,3832],{},"Definition der Framekapselung",[32,3834,3835,3836],{},"Protokolle:\n",[29,3837,3838,3841,3844,3847,3850,3853],{},[32,3839,3840],{},"Breitband (DSL & Kabel)",[32,3842,3843],{},"Wireless",[32,3845,3846],{},"Ethernet-WAN",[32,3848,3849],{},"Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)",[32,3851,3852],{},"Point-to-Point Protocol",[32,3854,3855],{},"High-Level Data Link Control",[24,3857,3468],{"id":3858},"begriffe-1",[16,3860,3861],{},[315,3862],{"alt":317,"src":3863},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_5.png",[29,3865,3866,3872,3878,3884,3890,3896,3902,3908,3914,3920],{},[32,3867,3868,3871],{},[19,3869,3870],{},"Data Terminal Equipment (DTE):"," Verbindet Teilnehmer-LANs mit dem WAN-Kommunikationsgerät",[32,3873,3874,3877],{},[19,3875,3876],{},"Data Communications Equipment (DCE) (Datenleitungs-Endgerät):"," Kommunikation mit dem Provider",[32,3879,3880,3883],{},[19,3881,3882],{},"Customer Premises Equipment (CPE):"," Fasst DTEs und DCEs am Firmenstandort zusammen",[32,3885,3886,3889],{},[19,3887,3888],{},"Point-of-Presence (POP):"," Punkt, an dem sich Teilnehmer- und Providernetz verbinden",[32,3891,3892,3895],{},[19,3893,3894],{},"Demarkationspunkt",": Offizieller Trennungspunkt zwischen CPE und Geräten vom Provider",[32,3897,3898,3901],{},[19,3899,3900],{},"Local Loop (letzte Meile):"," Kupfer\u002FGlasleitung, die CPE mit CO verbindet",[32,3903,3904,3907],{},[19,3905,3906],{},"Central Office (CO, Zentrale):"," Einrichtung des Providers, die CPE mit Provider-Netz verbindet",[32,3909,3910,3913],{},[19,3911,3912],{},"Gebührenpflichtiges Netz:"," Infrastruktur des Providernetzes",[32,3915,3916,3919],{},[19,3917,3918],{},"Backhaul Netzwerk:"," Verbindet mehrere Zugangskonten des Providernetzes",[32,3921,3922,3925],{},[19,3923,3924],{},"Backbone-Netzwerk:"," Großes Netzwerk; Hohe Kapazität; Verbindung von Prodivernetzen",[24,3927,3929],{"id":3928},"wan-topologien","WAN-Topologien",[29,3931,3932],{},[32,3933,3934],{},"Werden durch logische Topologien beschrieben",[589,3936,3938],{"id":3937},"punkt-zu-punkt","Punkt-zu-Punkt",[16,3940,3941],{},[315,3942],{"alt":317,"src":3943},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_6.png",[29,3945,3946,3949,3952],{},[32,3947,3948],{},"Verbindung zwischen zwei Endpunkten",[32,3950,3951],{},"Scheinbar eine physische Verbindung zwischen den Endpunkten",[32,3953,3954],{},"Z.B. Standleitung (Teuer)",[589,3956,3958],{"id":3957},"hub-and-spoke","Hub-and-Spoke",[16,3960,3961],{},[315,3962],{"alt":317,"src":3963},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_7.png",[29,3965,3966,3974,3977],{},[32,3967,3968,3969],{},"Mehrere Spokes verwenden eine Schnittstelle des Hubs\n",[29,3970,3971],{},[32,3972,3973],{},"Durch Subinterfaces oder virtuelle Verbindungen",[32,3975,3976],{},"Spokes können nur über den Hub miteinander kommunizieren",[32,3978,3979],{},"Hub ist Single-Point of Failure",[589,3981,3983],{"id":3982},"dual-homed","Dual-Homed",[16,3985,3986],{},[315,3987],{"alt":317,"src":3988},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_8.png",[29,3990,3991,3994,3997],{},[32,3992,3993],{},"Erweiterung von Hub-and-Spke",[32,3995,3996],{},"Bietet Redundanz, Lastverteilung, dezentrale Datenverarbeitung",[32,3998,3999],{},"Implementierung ist teurer (mehr Hardware nötig; komplexe Einrichtung)",[589,4001,4003],{"id":4002},"vollständig-vermascht","Vollständig vermascht",[16,4005,4006],{},[315,4007],{"alt":317,"src":4008},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_9.png",[29,4010,4011,4014,4017],{},[32,4012,4013],{},"Mehrere virtuelle Verbindungen",[32,4015,4016],{},"Alle Standorte miteinander vernetzt",[32,4018,4019],{},"Hohe Fehlertoleranz",[589,4021,4023],{"id":4022},"teilweise-vermascht","Teilweise vermascht",[16,4025,4026],{},[315,4027],{"alt":317,"src":4028},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2_img_10.png",[29,4030,4031,4034],{},[32,4032,4033],{},"Verbindet viele Standorte miteinander, aber nicht alle",[32,4035,4036],{},"Schlechtere Fehlertoleranz als vollvermascht",{"title":317,"searchDepth":400,"depth":400,"links":4038},[4039,4040,4041,4046,4047,4048,4049,4050],{"id":913,"depth":400,"text":914},{"id":3452,"depth":400,"text":3453},{"id":3467,"depth":400,"text":3468,"children":4042},[4043,4044,4045],{"id":3552,"depth":1187,"text":3553},{"id":3581,"depth":1187,"text":3582},{"id":3599,"depth":1187,"text":3600},{"id":3660,"depth":400,"text":3661},{"id":3708,"depth":400,"text":3709},{"id":3787,"depth":400,"text":3788},{"id":3858,"depth":400,"text":3468},{"id":3928,"depth":400,"text":3929,"children":4051},[4052,4053,4054,4055,4056],{"id":3937,"depth":1187,"text":3938},{"id":3957,"depth":1187,"text":3958},{"id":3982,"depth":1187,"text":3983},{"id":4002,"depth":1187,"text":4003},{"id":4022,"depth":1187,"text":4023},{},{"title":4059},"Zusammenfassung – Schulaufgabe 2 (2025\u002F2026)","\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2","\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002FKNT_7-8_ZSMF_SA2.pdf",{"title":426,"description":317},"faecher\u002Fknt\u002F7-8-zsmf-sa2","VAKNwwSUUdrIVnBWKIOTzcGcKFrlRZ4qgtUQyw9nBxA",{"id":4066,"title":4067,"body":4068,"class":7227,"description":407,"extension":408,"meta":7228,"navigation":7229,"path":7230,"pdfDownload":7231,"scope":7227,"scopeName":7232,"seo":7233,"stem":7234,"subject":418,"subjectName":419,"type":420,"typeName":421,"year":7232,"__hash__":7235},"faecher\u002Ffaecher\u002Fknt\u002Fap-zsmf.md","Zusammenfassung – Abschlussprüfung",{"type":8,"value":4069,"toc":7098},[4070,4072,4076,4078,4096,4098,4103,4106,4109,4112,4114,4205,4208,4210,4270,4273,4275,4280,4303,4305,4317,4319,4334,4338,4342,4345,4349,4356,4360,4381,4385,4389,4415,4420,4424,4438,4442,4447,4476,4481,4499,4504,4540,4545,4577,4582,4615,4639,4643,4647,4672,4676,4690,4692,4698,4701,4718,4720,4732,4734,4770,4772,4791,4793,4807,4809,4817,4819,4833,4835,4867,4872,4874,4876,4879,4885,4889,4900,4904,4907,4910,4934,4939,4941,4951,4953,4966,4970,4977,4979,4981,5008,5010,5026,5028,5046,5048,5060,5062,5068,5072,5106,5108,5116,5118,5127,5129,5153,5155,5183,5185,5191,5193,5195,5197,5209,5211,5220,5222,5233,5235,5237,5241,5247,5249,5253,5257,5259,5263,5273,5275,5279,5291,5293,5297,5311,5313,5316,5319,5321,5324,5327,5330,5333,5336,5338,5340,5342,5347,5375,5381,5383,5385,5389,5395,5400,5406,5412,5416,5421,5423,5429,5431,5433,5435,5437,5445,5447,5449,5471,5476,5478,5501,5503,5506,5509,5514,5518,5520,5526,5528,5532,5534,5542,5544,5550,5552,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595,5603,5606,5612,5614,5644,5646,5662,5664,5666,5668,5699,5701,5720,5722,5728,5730,5734,5739,5758,5760,5768,5772,5774,5808,5810,5816,5823,5861,5863,5875,5877,5889,5891,5924,5926,5928,5966,5968,5984,5986,6026,6028,6076,6078,6112,6114,6118,6131,6133,6158,6160,6179,6181,6189,6193,6195,6207,6209,6219,6221,6227,6229,6232,6256,6258,6270,6272,6313,6315,6324,6326,6330,6333,6345,6347,6349,6352,6356,6358,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382,6386,6388,6390,6413,6415,6419,6421,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6479,6481,6483,6485,6489,6491,6493,6497,6499,6523,6525,6527,6529,6532,6535,6538,6544,6546,6548,6550,6562,6566,6576,6578,6586,6588,6643,6645,6647,6652,6666,6668,6673,6681,6683,6688,6726,6728,6764,6766,6810,6812,6820,6825,6827,6877,6879,6884,6926,6928,6932,6934,6939,6947,6949,6954,6966,6968,6973,6981,6983,6988,6996,6998,7003,7009,7013,7079,7083,7088,7093],[11,4071,14],{"id":13},[16,4073,4074,22],{},[19,4075,21],{},[24,4077,27],{"id":26},[29,4079,4080,4084,4088,4092],{},[32,4081,4082,37],{},[19,4083,36],{},[32,4085,4086,43],{},[19,4087,42],{},[32,4089,4090,49],{},[19,4091,48],{},[32,4093,4094,55],{},[19,4095,54],{},[24,4097,59],{"id":58},[29,4099,4100],{},[32,4101,4102],{},"Netzwerk ist komplex",[16,4104,4105],{},"o Aufteilung in mehrere Schichten um es überschaubarer zu machen - Vorteile:",[16,4107,4108],{},"o Wettbewerb wird gefördert: Produkte von verschiedenen Herstellern sind miteinander kompatibel",[16,4110,4111],{},"o Veränderungen auf einer Schicht wirken sich nicht auf die anderen aus",[24,4113,84],{"id":83},[86,4115,4116,4133],{},[89,4117,4118],{},[92,4119,4120,4125,4129],{},[95,4121,4122],{},[19,4123,4124],{},"Nr",[95,4126,4127],{},[19,4128,104],{},[95,4130,4131],{},[19,4132,109],{},[111,4134,4135,4145,4155,4165,4175,4185,4195],{},[92,4136,4137,4139,4143],{},[116,4138,120],{},[116,4140,4141],{},[19,4142,125],{},[116,4144,128],{},[92,4146,4147,4149,4153],{},[116,4148,135],{},[116,4150,4151],{},[19,4152,140],{},[116,4154,143],{},[92,4156,4157,4159,4163],{},[116,4158,150],{},[116,4160,4161],{},[19,4162,155],{},[116,4164,158],{},[92,4166,4167,4169,4173],{},[116,4168,165],{},[116,4170,4171],{},[19,4172,170],{},[116,4174,173],{},[92,4176,4177,4179,4183],{},[116,4178,180],{},[116,4180,4181],{},[19,4182,185],{},[116,4184,188],{},[92,4186,4187,4189,4193],{},[116,4188,195],{},[116,4190,4191],{},[19,4192,200],{},[116,4194,203],{},[92,4196,4197,4199,4203],{},[116,4198,210],{},[116,4200,4201],{},[19,4202,215],{},[116,4204,218],{},[16,4206,4207],{},"Merksatz: Alle deutschen Studenten trinken verschiedene sorten Bier",[24,4209,228],{"id":227},[86,4211,4212,4228],{},[89,4213,4214],{},[92,4215,4216,4220,4224],{},[95,4217,4218],{},[19,4219,4124],{},[95,4221,4222],{},[19,4223,104],{},[95,4225,4226],{},[19,4227,109],{},[111,4229,4230,4240,4250,4260],{},[92,4231,4232,4234,4238],{},[116,4233,165],{},[116,4235,4236],{},[19,4237,125],{},[116,4239,261],{},[92,4241,4242,4244,4248],{},[116,4243,180],{},[116,4245,4246],{},[19,4247,170],{},[116,4249,274],{},[92,4251,4252,4254,4258],{},[116,4253,195],{},[116,4255,4256],{},[19,4257,285],{},[116,4259,288],{},[92,4261,4262,4264,4268],{},[116,4263,210],{},[116,4265,4266],{},[19,4267,299],{},[116,4269,302],{},[16,4271,4272],{},"Merksatz: Andy Tanzt irgendwie nicht (lebt er noch?)",[24,4274,311],{"id":310},[16,4276,4277],{},[315,4278],{"alt":317,"src":4279},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_1.png",[29,4281,4282,4292,4300],{},[32,4283,323,4284,327,4286,330,4288,333,4290,336],{},[19,4285,326],{},[19,4287,125],{},[19,4289,140],{},[19,4291,155],{},[32,4293,323,4294,327,4296,333,4298,336],{},[19,4295,341],{},[19,4297,200],{},[19,4299,215],{},[32,4301,4302],{},"OSI wird eher verwendet, wenn es um die niedrigeren Schichten geht o Trennung der physikalischen Schicht von der Sicherungsschicht",[24,4304,357],{"id":356},[29,4306,4307,4309],{},[32,4308,362],{},[32,4310,365,4311],{},[29,4312,4313,4315],{},[32,4314,370],{},[32,4316,373],{},[24,4318,377],{"id":376},[29,4320,4321,4329],{},[32,4322,382,4323],{},[29,4324,4325,4327],{},[32,4326,387],{},[32,4328,390],{},[32,4330,4331,393],{},[315,4332],{"alt":317,"src":4333},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_2.png",[11,4335,4337],{"id":4336},"mac-adresstabelle-forwarding","MAC-Adresstabelle & Forwarding",[24,4339,4341],{"id":4340},"mac-addresstabelle-cam-tabelle","Mac-Addresstabelle (CAM-Tabelle)",[16,4343,4344],{},"Eine Tabelle im Switch, die MAC-Adressen den physischen Ports zuordnet",[24,4346,4348],{"id":4347},"lernprozess","Lernprozess",[16,4350,4351,4352,4355],{},"Der Switch prüft die ",[19,4353,4354],{},"Quell-MAC"," eines eingehenden Frames. Ist sie unbekannt, wird sie mit dem zugehörigen Port in die Tabelle eingetragen.",[24,4357,4359],{"id":4358},"forwarding","Forwarding",[29,4361,4362],{},[32,4363,4351,4364,2393,4367],{},[19,4365,4366],{},"Ziel-MAC",[29,4368,4369,4375],{},[32,4370,4371,4374],{},[19,4372,4373],{},"Eintrag vorhanden:"," Frame wird gezielt an diesen Port weitergeleitet (Unicast).",[32,4376,4377,4380],{},[19,4378,4379],{},"Eintrag nicht vorhanden \u002F Broadcast:"," Der Switch flutet den Frame an alle Ports außer dem Eingangsport (Unknown Unicast Flooding). (Nicht das gleiche wie Broadcast)",[11,4382,4384],{"id":4383},"ipv4","IPv4",[24,4386,4388],{"id":4387},"ipv4-header","IPv4 Header",[29,4390,4391,4394,4397,4400,4403,4406,4408,4411,4413],{},[32,4392,4393],{},"Version",[32,4395,4396],{},"Gesamtlänge",[32,4398,4399],{},"Flags",[32,4401,4402],{},"Fragment Offsets",[32,4404,4405],{},"Time-To-Live",[32,4407,3172],{},[32,4409,4410],{},"Prüfsumme für Header",[32,4412,3163],{},[32,4414,3166],{},[16,4416,4417],{},[315,4418],{"alt":317,"src":4419},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_3.png",[24,4421,4423],{"id":4422},"arp","ARP",[29,4425,4426,4429,4432,4435],{},[32,4427,4428],{},"Address Resolution Protocol",[32,4430,4431],{},"Löst eine bekannte IPv4-Adresse in eine MAC-Adresse auf, damit die Daten im lokalen Netz adressiert werden können",[32,4433,4434],{},"Wird Per Broadcast gesendet per FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF oder 255.255.255.255",[32,4436,4437],{},"Es werden alle gefragt bis entweder einer die Adresse hat oder das Gerät selbst antwortet",[589,4439,4441],{"id":4440},"auswahlprozess","Auswahlprozess",[464,4443,4444],{},[32,4445,4446],{},"Vorbereitung",[29,4448,4449,4455,4461,4467],{},[32,4450,4451,4454],{},[19,4452,4453],{},"Ziel-IP:"," IP von PC2",[32,4456,4457,4460],{},[19,4458,4459],{},"Quell-IP:"," IP von PC1",[32,4462,4463,4466],{},[19,4464,4465],{},"Quell-MAC:"," MAC von PC1 (08-15-47-11-20-01)",[32,4468,4469,3083,4472,4475],{},[19,4470,4471],{},"Ziel-MAC:",[19,4473,4474],{},"Unbekannt"," (Hier stockt der Prozess!)",[464,4477,4478],{},[32,4479,4480],{},"ARP-Cache Check",[29,4482,4483,4489],{},[32,4484,4485,4488],{},[19,4486,4487],{},"Was ist der ARP-Cache?"," Eine temporäre Tabelle im Arbeitsspeicher des Hosts, die IP-Adressen den zugehörigen MAC-Adressen zuordnet",[32,4490,4491,4494,4495,4498],{},[19,4492,4493],{},"Was findet das Protokoll hier?"," Da es die \"erste Verbindung\" ist, findet PC1 ",[19,4496,4497],{},"keinen Eintrag"," für die Ziel-IP. Das Paket kann noch nicht gekapselt werden",[464,4500,4501],{},[32,4502,4503],{},"ARP-Request",[29,4505,4506,4514,4519,4525,4534],{},[32,4507,4508,3083,4511,4513],{},[19,4509,4510],{},"Spezieller Name:",[19,4512,4503],{}," (Broadcast)",[32,4515,4516,4518],{},[19,4517,4471],{}," FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF (Broadcast-Adresse)",[32,4520,4521,4524],{},[19,4522,4523],{},"Inhalt:"," \"Wer hat die IP von PC2? Bitte antworte an PC1.\"",[32,4526,4527,3083,4530,4533],{},[19,4528,4529],{},"Wer bekommt das Paket?",[19,4531,4532],{},"Alle"," Geräte im lokalen Subnetz (da es ein Broadcast ist)",[32,4535,4536,4539],{},[19,4537,4538],{},"Was passiert mit dem Datenpaket?"," Das ursprüngliche Datenpaket von PC1 wird solange gepuffert (wartet), bis die MAC bekannt ist",[464,4541,4542],{},[32,4543,4544],{},"ARP-Replay",[29,4546,4547,4553,4559,4568,4572],{},[32,4548,4549,4552],{},[19,4550,4551],{},"Verhalten der anderen:"," Alle Geräte, die nicht die gesuchte IP haben, verwerfen das Paket einfach",[32,4554,4555,4558],{},[19,4556,4557],{},"Verhalten von PC2:"," PC2 erkennt seine IP, trägt PC1 in seinen eigenen ARP-Cache ein und erstellt ein Antwort-Paket",[32,4560,4561,3083,4564,4567],{},[19,4562,4563],{},"Name des Pakets:",[19,4565,4566],{},"ARP-Reply"," (Unicast)",[32,4569,4570,4466],{},[19,4571,4471],{},[32,4573,4574,4576],{},[19,4575,4523],{}," \"Ich bin PC2, hier ist meine MAC: 08-15-47-11-20-02.\"",[464,4578,4579],{},[32,4580,4581],{},"Abschluss",[29,4583,4584,4593],{},[32,4585,4586,4589,4590],{},[19,4587,4588],{},"Aktion von PC1:"," Er empfängt die Antwort und speichert die MAC von PC2 in seinem ",[19,4591,4592],{},"ARP-Cache",[32,4594,4595,4598],{},[19,4596,4597],{},"Das Datenpaket: Jetzt kann PC1 den fertigen Frame senden:",[29,4599,4600,4605,4610],{},[32,4601,4602],{},[19,4603,4604],{},"Ziel-MAC: 08-15-47-11-20-02 (MAC von PC2)",[32,4606,4607],{},[19,4608,4609],{},"Quell-MAC: 08-15-47-11-20-01 (MAC von PC1)",[32,4611,4612],{},[19,4613,4614],{},"Inhalt: Die eigentlichen Nutzdaten (z. B. ein HTTP-Request oder Ping)",[464,4616,4617],{},[32,4618,4619,4620],{},"Besonderheit (Reden nach Außen)\n",[464,4621,4622,4625,4636],{},[32,4623,4624],{},"PC1 stellt fest, dass die Ziel-IP außerhalb seines Subnetzes liegt",[32,4626,4627,4628,4631,4632,4635],{},"ARP wird nun ",[19,4629,4630],{},"nicht"," für die Ziel-IP ausgeführt, sondern für das ",[19,4633,4634],{},"Standard-Gateway"," (Router-Port G01)",[32,4637,4638],{},"PC1 sendet das Paket an die MAC des Routers (08-15-47-11-20-65), damit dieser es weiterleitet",[11,4640,4642],{"id":4641},"ipv6","IPv6",[24,4644,4646],{"id":4645},"aufbau-einer-ipv6-adresse","Aufbau einer IPv6-Adresse",[29,4648,4649,4652,4655,4658],{},[32,4650,4651],{},"128-Bit lang",[32,4653,4654],{},"Darstellung erfolgt hexadezimal",[32,4656,4657],{},"Blöcke werden durch Doppelpunkte getrennt",[32,4659,4660,4663,4664,4667,4668,4671],{},[19,4661,4662],{},"Der Trenner (\u002F64):"," In der Regel wird die Adresse exakt in der Mitte geteilt. Die ersten 64 Bit bilden das ",[19,4665,4666],{},"Netzwerkpräfix"," (Netzwerkanteil), die letzten 64 Bit bilden die ",[19,4669,4670],{},"Interface-ID"," (Hostanteil). \u002F64 ist das Standard-Subnetz für lokale Netzwerke (notwendig z.B. für SLAAC).",[24,4673,4675],{"id":4674},"wichtige-adressbereiche","Wichtige Adressbereiche",[29,4677,4678,4684],{},[32,4679,4680,4683],{},[19,4681,4682],{},"::\u002F0 (Standardroute \u002F \"allow all\"):"," Repräsentiert alle möglichen IPv6-Adressen. Es ist das IPv6-Äquivalent zur IPv4-Standardroute 0.0.0.0\u002F0. Wird im Routing (Default-Route) oder in ACLs verwendet, um den restlichen Traffic abzufangen oder durchzulassen.",[32,4685,4686,4689],{},[19,4687,4688],{},"::1 (Localhost \u002F Loopback):"," Das ist die Loopback-Adresse des eigenen Geräts. Es ist das exakte Äquivalent zur 127.0.0.1 unter IPv4 und wird genutzt, um die lokale TCP\u002FIP-Konfiguration zu testen.",[11,4691,432],{"id":431},[29,4693,4694,4696],{},[32,4695,437],{},[32,4697,440],{},[16,4699,4700],{},"=> Domain-Namen wurden entwickelt",[29,4702,4703,4706,4712],{},[32,4704,4705],{},"Außerdem leichter wartbar, da beim Benutzen eines Domain-Namen dem Nutzer nicht auffällt, wenn sich die IP-Adresse hinter dem Namen ändert",[32,4707,4708,4711],{},[19,4709,4710],{},"FQDN:"," Fully Qualified Domain Name z.B. shenjas-pc.fritz.box",[32,4713,4714,4717],{},[19,4715,4716],{},"NSLOOKUP:"," Dienstprogramm zur “manuellen” Abfrage von Domain-Namen, z.B. für Debug",[24,4719,462],{"id":461},[464,4721,4722,4724,4726,4728,4730],{},[32,4723,468],{},[32,4725,471],{},[32,4727,474],{},[32,4729,477],{},[32,4731,480],{},[24,4733,484],{"id":483},[86,4735,4736,4744],{},[89,4737,4738],{},[92,4739,4740,4742],{},[95,4741,495],{},[95,4743,500],{},[111,4745,4746,4752,4758,4764],{},[92,4747,4748,4750],{},[116,4749,507],{},[116,4751,510],{},[92,4753,4754,4756],{},[116,4755,515],{},[116,4757,518],{},[92,4759,4760,4762],{},[116,4761,523],{},[116,4763,526],{},[92,4765,4766,4768],{},[116,4767,531],{},[116,4769,534],{},[24,4771,538],{"id":537},[29,4773,4774],{},[32,4775,543,4776],{},[29,4777,4778,4784,4786,4788],{},[32,4779,548,4780],{},[29,4781,4782],{},[32,4783,555],{},[32,4785,558],{},[32,4787,561],{},[32,4789,4790],{},"Sobald der Datensatz von einem anderen Server aufgelöst wurde, sendet der DNS-Server die entsprechende Auflösung und speichert diese für einen definierten Zeitraum in den eigenen Datensätzen, um eine weiter Abfrage schneller auflösen zu können",[24,4792,568],{"id":567},[29,4794,4795,4797,4805],{},[32,4796,573],{},[32,4798,576,4799],{},[29,4800,4801,4803],{},[32,4802,581],{},[32,4804,584],{},[32,4806,587],{},[24,4808,592],{"id":591},[464,4810,4811,4813,4815],{},[32,4812,597],{},[32,4814,600],{},[32,4816,603],{},[11,4818,607],{"id":606},[29,4820,4821,4823,4825,4827],{},[32,4822,612],{},[32,4824,615],{},[32,4826,618],{},[32,4828,621,4829],{},[29,4830,4831],{},[32,4832,626],{},[24,4834,462],{"id":629},[464,4836,4837,4842,4848,4852],{},[32,4838,4839,4841],{},[19,4840,636],{}," (Broadcast): Client sendet DHCP-Discover beim Booten bzw. beim Herstellen einer Verbindung in einem Netzwerk",[32,4843,4844,4847],{},[19,4845,4846],{},"Offer:"," Ein DHCP-Server, der den Discover-Broadcast erhalten hat, antwortet mit einem DHCP-Offer, in dem die Netzwerkdaten über eine bestimmte Lease-Dauer enthalten sind",[32,4849,4850,649],{},[19,4851,648],{},[32,4853,4854,4856],{},[19,4855,820],{},[464,4857,4858,4861],{},[32,4859,4860],{},"Wenn die angebotene Adresse aus dem Offer am Server noch verfügbar ist, antwortet dieser mit einer entsprechenden Bestätigung",[32,4862,662,4863,666,4865,669],{},[19,4864,665],{},[19,4866,636],{},[16,4868,4869],{},[315,4870],{"alt":317,"src":4871},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_4.png",[24,4873,1645],{"id":1644},[16,4875,1648],{},[589,4877,462],{"id":4878},"schritte-2",[464,4880,4881,4883],{},[32,4882,1655],{},[32,4884,1658],{},[24,4886,4888],{"id":4887},"dhcpv6","DHCPv6",[29,4890,4891,4894,4897],{},[32,4892,4893],{},"A flag: Das ist der Address Autoconfigure Flag",[32,4895,4896],{},"O flag: Das ist der Other Flag bedeutet der Server hat noch Informationen",[32,4898,4899],{},"M flag: Das ist der Managed Flag bedeutet der Server gibt die Addresse vor",[589,4901,4903],{"id":4902},"slaac","SLAAC",[16,4905,4906],{},"Der Client generiert seine eigene Adresse mithilfe von Router Advertisement (RA) Nachrichten, ohne einen DHCP-Server zu benötigen und wird eingeleitet mit einem A Flag only Nachricht.",[589,4908,4888],{"id":4909},"dhcpv6-1",[29,4911,4912,4923],{},[32,4913,4914,4915],{},"Stateless DHCPv6\n",[29,4916,4917,4920],{},[32,4918,4919],{},"Beginnt mit einer Antwort vom Server mit einer A und O Flag Antwort",[32,4921,4922],{},"Der Client gibt sich selbst die Adresse, aber Server hat zusätzliche Informationen über den Client wie z.B. DNS",[32,4924,4925,4926],{},"Stateful DHCPv6\n",[29,4927,4928,4931],{},[32,4929,4930],{},"Beginnt mit einer M Flag Antwort",[32,4932,4933],{},"Der Client erhält seine IPv6 Adresse von dem DHCPv6 Server",[16,4935,4936],{},[315,4937],{"alt":317,"src":4938},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_5.png",[11,4940,700],{"id":699},[29,4942,4943,4945,4947,4949],{},[32,4944,705],{},[32,4946,708],{},[32,4948,711],{},[32,4950,714],{},[24,4952,718],{"id":717},[29,4954,4955,4957,4959,4962,4964],{},[32,4956,723],{},[32,4958,726],{},[32,4960,4961],{},"Erneute Übertragung, wenn keine Bestätigung erfolgt",[32,4963,732],{},[32,4965,735],{},[24,4967,4969],{"id":4968},"anwendungen","Anwendungen",[29,4971,4972,4974],{},[32,4973,743],{},[32,4975,4976],{},"http\u002FHTTPS",[16,4978,750],{},[16,4980,753],{},[29,4982,4983,4985,4987,4990,4993,4995,4997,5000,5002,5004,5006],{},[32,4984,758],{},[32,4986,761],{},[32,4988,4989],{},"Sequenznummer: Für den Wiederzusammenbau",[32,4991,4992],{},"Bestätigungsnummer: Anzeige, dass Daten erhalten wurden und auf das Nächste Segment gewartet wird",[32,4994,776],{},[32,4996,779],{},[32,4998,4999],{},"Steuer-Bit: Erläutert Zweck und Funktion des Segments",[32,5001,788],{},[32,5003,791],{},[32,5005,794],{},[32,5007,797],{},[24,5009,801],{"id":800},[464,5011,5012,5016,5022],{},[32,5013,5014,809],{},[19,5015,808],{},[32,5017,5018,330,5020,815],{},[19,5019,820],{},[19,5021,808],{},[32,5023,5024,821],{},[19,5025,820],{},[24,5027,825],{"id":824},[464,5029,5030,5034,5038,5042],{},[32,5031,5032,833],{},[19,5033,832],{},[32,5035,5036,838],{},[19,5037,820],{},[32,5039,5040,843],{},[19,5041,832],{},[32,5043,5044,848],{},[19,5045,820],{},[11,5047,852],{"id":851},[29,5049,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058],{},[32,5051,857],{},[32,5053,860],{},[32,5055,863],{},[32,5057,866],{},[32,5059,869],{},[24,5061,125],{"id":738},[29,5063,5064,5066],{},[32,5065,877],{},[32,5067,880],{},[11,5069,5071],{"id":5070},"icmp-ping-tracert","ICMP (Ping + Tracert)",[29,5073,5074,5077,5083],{},[32,5075,5076],{},"Internet Control Message Protocol",[32,5078,5079,5082],{},[19,5080,5081],{},"Zweck",": Fehlermeldungen und Diagnoseinformationen zur IP-Paketübertragung",[32,5084,5085,5086],{},"Wichtige Nachrichten:\n",[29,5087,5088,5094,5100],{},[32,5089,5090,5093],{},[19,5091,5092],{},"Echo Request \u002F Reply",": Wird vom Befehl ping genutzt, um Erreichbarkeit zu prüfen",[32,5095,5096,5099],{},[19,5097,5098],{},"Destination Unreachable",": Meldung, wenn ein Ziel oder Dienst nicht erreichbar ist",[32,5101,5102,5105],{},[19,5103,5104],{},"Time Exceeded:"," Wenn die TTL eines Pakets auf 0 sinkt (genutzt von traceroute)",[11,5107,884],{"id":883},[29,5109,5110,5112,5114],{},[32,5111,889],{},[32,5113,892],{},[32,5115,895],{},[24,5117,899],{"id":898},[29,5119,5120,5122,5125],{},[32,5121,904],{},[32,5123,5124],{},"Subnetting ermöglicht es auf OSI-Layer 3 ein großes Netz in mehrere kleinen Subnetze aufzuteilen",[32,5126,910],{},[24,5128,914],{"id":913},[29,5130,5131,5135,5139,5145,5149],{},[32,5132,5133,922],{},[19,5134,921],{},[32,5136,5137,928],{},[19,5138,927],{},[32,5140,5141,5144],{},[19,5142,5143],{},"Reduzierte Kosten",": VLANs verwenden die vorhandene Bandbreite effizienter",[32,5146,5147,940],{},[19,5148,939],{},[32,5150,5151,946],{},[19,5152,945],{},[24,5154,950],{"id":949},[29,5156,5157,5161,5165,5175,5179],{},[32,5158,5159,958],{},[19,5160,957],{},[32,5162,5163,964],{},[19,5164,963],{},[32,5166,5167,970,5169],{},[19,5168,969],{},[29,5170,5171,5173],{},[32,5172,975],{},[32,5174,978],{},[32,5176,5177,984],{},[19,5178,983],{},[32,5180,5181,990],{},[19,5182,989],{},[24,5184,994],{"id":993},[29,5186,5187,5189],{},[32,5188,999],{},[32,5190,1002],{},[24,5192,1006],{"id":1005},[16,5194,1009],{},[589,5196,1013],{"id":1012},[29,5198,5199,5201,5203],{},[32,5200,1023],{},[32,5202,1026],{},[32,5204,1029,5205],{},[29,5206,5207],{},[32,5208,1034],{},[589,5210,1038],{"id":1037},[29,5212,5213,5218],{},[32,5214,5215,1048],{},[315,5216],{"alt":317,"src":5217},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_8.png",[32,5219,1051],{},[589,5221,1055],{"id":1054},[29,5223,5224,5229,5231],{},[32,5225,5226,1065],{},[315,5227],{"alt":317,"src":5228},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_9.png",[32,5230,1068],{},[32,5232,1071],{},[24,5234,1075],{"id":1074},[589,5236,1079],{"id":1078},[29,5238,5239],{},[32,5240,1084],{},[464,5242,5243,5245],{},[32,5244,1089],{},[32,5246,1092],{},[589,5248,1096],{"id":1095},[29,5250,5251],{},[32,5252,1084],{},[464,5254,5255],{},[32,5256,1105],{},[589,5258,1109],{"id":1108},[29,5260,5261],{},[32,5262,1084],{},[464,5264,5265,5267,5269,5271],{},[32,5266,1118],{},[32,5268,1121],{},[32,5270,1124],{},[32,5272,1127],{},[589,5274,1131],{"id":1130},[29,5276,5277],{},[32,5278,1084],{},[464,5280,5281,5283,5285,5287,5289],{},[32,5282,1140],{},[32,5284,1143],{},[32,5286,1146],{},[32,5288,1149],{},[32,5290,1127],{},[589,5292,1155],{"id":1154},[29,5294,5295],{},[32,5296,1084],{},[464,5298,5299,5301,5303,5305,5307,5309],{},[32,5300,1164],{},[32,5302,1167],{},[32,5304,1170],{},[32,5306,1173],{},[32,5308,1176],{},[32,5310,1127],{},[11,5312,1230],{"id":1229},[16,5314,5315],{},"Mit Hilfe von STP lassen sich Redundanzen im Netzwerk bilden. Ohne STP würden in diesen",[16,5317,5318],{},"Topologien Schleifen auf Layer-2 entstehen, die das gesamte Netzwerk lahmlegen können.",[24,5320,1237],{"id":1236},[16,5322,5323],{},"Wenn Schleifen existieren und STP nicht aktiviert ist, werden Broadcast-Pakete (z.B. ARP) von einem",[16,5325,5326],{},"Client an jedem Switch an alle anderen Ports weitergeleitet. Bei Schleifen erhält ein Switch das",[16,5328,5329],{},"gleiche Paket nach kurzer Zeit wieder und leitet es erneut an alle anderen Ports weiter. Die Anzahl",[16,5331,5332],{},"der Pakete im Netz steigt somit schnell an und überlastet die Infrastruktur, wodurch andere Pakete",[16,5334,5335],{},"vernachlässigt werden.",[24,5337,1244],{"id":1243},[589,5339,1248],{"id":1247},[16,5341,1251],{},[16,5343,1254,5344,5346],{},[19,5345,1257],{},". Diese ID besteht ausfolgenden Elementen:",[29,5348,5349,5359,5367],{},[32,5350,5351,5353],{},[19,5352,1265],{},[29,5354,5355,5357],{},[32,5356,1270],{},[32,5358,1273],{},[32,5360,5361,5363],{},[19,5362,1278],{},[29,5364,5365],{},[32,5366,1283],{},[32,5368,5369,5371],{},[19,5370,1288],{},[29,5372,5373],{},[32,5374,1293],{},[16,5376,1296,5377,1300,5379],{},[19,5378,1299],{},[19,5380,1303],{},[589,5382,1308],{"id":1307},[16,5384,1311],{},[589,5386,5388],{"id":5387},"_3-ermittlung-der-prot-zustände","3. Ermittlung der Prot-Zustände",[16,5390,1318,5391,1322,5393,1326],{},[19,5392,1321],{},[19,5394,1325],{},[16,5396,5397],{},[315,5398],{"alt":317,"src":5399},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_10.png",[16,5401,1334,5402,1338,5404,1304],{},[19,5403,1337],{},[19,5405,1341],{},[16,5407,1344,5408,1348,5410],{},[19,5409,1347],{},[19,5411,1351],{},[16,5413,1354,5414,1358],{},[19,5415,1357],{},[16,5417,5418],{},[315,5419],{"alt":317,"src":5420},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_11.png",[589,5422,1367],{"id":1366},[16,5424,5425,5428],{},[315,5426],{"alt":317,"src":5427},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_12.png","Wenn ein Switch oder eine Leitung ausfällt wird die STP Topologie neuberechnet. Dabei werden zuvor geblockte Ports ggf. wieder freigegeben. Auch bei jedem topology change (neuer switch) wird root neu ermittelt!",[11,5430,1382],{"id":1381},[16,5432,1385],{},[16,5434,1388],{},[24,5436,1392],{"id":1391},[29,5438,5439,5441,5443],{},[32,5440,1397],{},[32,5442,1400],{},[32,5444,1403],{},[24,5446,1407],{"id":1406},[589,5448,1411],{"id":1410},[29,5450,5451,5453,5455],{},[32,5452,1416],{},[32,5454,1419],{},[32,5456,1422,5457],{},[29,5458,5459,5463,5467],{},[32,5460,5461,1430],{},[19,5462,1429],{},[32,5464,5465,1436],{},[19,5466,1435],{},[32,5468,5469,1442],{},[19,5470,1441],{},[16,5472,5473],{},[315,5474],{"alt":317,"src":5475},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_13.png",[589,5477,1451],{"id":1450},[29,5479,5480,5482],{},[32,5481,1456],{},[32,5483,1459,5484],{},[29,5485,5486,5490,5494],{},[32,5487,5488,1466],{},[19,5489,1429],{},[32,5491,5492,1436],{},[19,5493,1471],{},[32,5495,5496,5499,1477],{},[315,5497],{"alt":317,"src":5498},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_14.png",[19,5500,1476],{},[11,5502,1486],{"id":1485},[16,5504,5505],{},"In einem Netzwerk in dem Client einen einzelnen Router als Standardgateway hinterlegt haben, sind eben diese Clients vom externen Netz getrennt, sobald der Router ausfällt. Um das zu verhindern, werden First-Hop Redundancy-Protokolle verwendet.",[16,5507,5508],{},"Um einen Single-Point-of-Failure zu verhindern, bietet es sich an eine virtuelle IP-Adresse als Standardgateway zu verwenden, hinter der sich mehrere Router verbergen. Über die virtuelle IP-Adresse können Pakete nach extern weitergeleitet werden, auch wenn ein Router ausfällt.",[16,5510,5511],{},[315,5512],{"alt":317,"src":5513},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_15.png",[24,5515,5517],{"id":5516},"verfügbare-protokole","Verfügbare Protokole",[589,5519,1505],{"id":1504},[29,5521,5522,5524],{},[32,5523,1416],{},[32,5525,1512],{},[589,5527,1516],{"id":1515},[29,5529,5530],{},[32,5531,1521],{},[589,5533,1525],{"id":1524},[29,5535,5536,5538,5540],{},[32,5537,1416],{},[32,5539,1532],{},[32,5541,1535],{},[589,5543,1539],{"id":1538},[29,5545,5546,5548],{},[32,5547,1544],{},[32,5549,1547],{},[589,5551,1505],{"id":1550},[29,5553,5554,5556,5564,5566,5568],{},[32,5555,1555],{},[32,5557,1558,5558],{},[29,5559,5560,5562],{},[32,5561,1563],{},[32,5563,1566],{},[32,5565,1569],{},[32,5567,1572],{},[32,5569,5570,5571],{},"Bestimmung des aktiven Routers\n",[29,5572,5573,5580],{},[32,5574,5575],{},[464,5576,5577],{},[32,5578,5579],{},"Priorität: Standardmäßig 100; Zwischen 0 und 255; Höchste Prio gewinnt",[32,5581,5582],{},[464,5583,5584],{"start":400},[32,5585,5586],{},"IP-Adresse: Höchste IP-Adresse gewinnt",[589,5588,1576],{"id":1575},[16,5590,1579],{},[589,5592,1583],{"id":1582},[11,5594,1704],{"id":1703},[29,5596,5597,5599],{},[32,5598,1709],{},[32,5600,5601,1715],{},[19,5602,1714],{},[24,5604,5605],{"id":1718},"Routing Tabelle",[29,5607,5608],{},[32,5609,5610,1727],{},[19,5611,1726],{},[589,5613,1731],{"id":1730},[29,5615,5616,5620,5624,5628,5632,5636],{},[32,5617,5618,1739],{},[19,5619,1738],{},[32,5621,5622,1745],{},[19,5623,1744],{},[32,5625,5626,1751],{},[19,5627,1750],{},[32,5629,5630,1757],{},[19,5631,1756],{},[32,5633,5634,1763],{},[19,5635,1762],{},[32,5637,5638,1776],{},[1767,5639,5640,1775],{},[1767,5641,5642],{},[1772,5643,1774],{},[589,5645,1780],{"id":1779},[29,5647,5648,5650,5652],{},[32,5649,1785],{},[32,5651,1788],{},[32,5653,1791,5654],{},[29,5655,5656,5658,5660],{},[32,5657,1796],{},[32,5659,1799],{},[32,5661,1802],{},[589,5663,1806],{"id":1805},[16,5665,1809],{},[589,5667,1813],{"id":1812},[29,5669,5670,5674,5689],{},[32,5671,5672,1821],{},[19,5673,1820],{},[32,5675,5676,1827,5678],{},[19,5677,1826],{},[29,5679,5680,5684],{},[32,5681,5682,1835],{},[19,5683,1834],{},[32,5685,5686],{},[19,5687,5688],{},"Dynamische Routing Protokolle (OSPF etc.): Wird zur Tabelle hinzugefügt, wenn Dyn. Routing-Protokolle etwas über entfernte Netze erfahren",[32,5690,5691,1847,5693],{},[19,5692,1846],{},[29,5694,5695,5697],{},[32,5696,1852],{},[32,5698,1855],{},[24,5700,1859],{"id":1858},[29,5702,5703,5707,5712,5716],{},[32,5704,5705,1867],{},[19,5706,1866],{},[32,5708,5709,5711],{},[19,5710,1872],{},": Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.168.0.2 (Zieladresse)",[32,5713,5714,1879],{},[19,5715,1878],{},[32,5717,5718,1885],{},[19,5719,1884],{},[589,5721,1889],{"id":1888},[29,5723,5724,5726],{},[32,5725,1894],{},[32,5727,1897],{},[589,5729,1901],{"id":1900},[29,5731,5732],{},[32,5733,1906],{},[16,5735,5736],{},[1767,5737,5738],{},"Beispiel:",[29,5740,5741,5743,5745],{},[32,5742,1916],{},[32,5744,1919],{},[32,5746,5747,5748],{},"10.40.3.0\u002F24\n",[29,5749,5750,5754],{},[32,5751,1925,5752,1929],{},[19,5753,1928],{},[32,5755,1932,5756,1936],{},[19,5757,1935],{},[24,5759,1940],{"id":1939},[29,5761,5762,5764,5766],{},[32,5763,1945],{},[32,5765,1948],{},[32,5767,1951],{},[24,5769,5771],{"id":5770},"packetweiterleitung","Packetweiterleitung",[589,5773,1959],{"id":1958},[464,5775,5776,5778,5780],{},[32,5777,1964],{},[32,5779,1967],{},[32,5781,1970,5782],{},[464,5783,5784,5796],{},[32,5785,1975,5786],{},[464,5787,5788,5792],{},[32,5789,5790,1983],{},[19,5791,1982],{},[32,5793,5794,1989],{},[19,5795,1988],{},[32,5797,1992,5798],{},[464,5799,5800,5804],{},[32,5801,5802,1989],{},[19,5803,1999],{},[32,5805,5806,2005],{},[19,5807,2004],{},[589,5809,2009],{"id":2008},[29,5811,5812,5814],{},[32,5813,2014],{},[32,5815,2017],{},[16,5817,5818,5821],{},[315,5819],{"alt":317,"src":5820},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_17.png",[1767,5822,1911],{},[464,5824,5825,5833,5841,5851,5859],{},[32,5826,2030,5827],{},[464,5828,5829,5831],{},[32,5830,2035],{},[32,5832,2038],{},[32,5834,2041,5835],{},[464,5836,5837,5839],{},[32,5838,2046],{},[32,5840,2049],{},[32,5842,2052,5843],{},[464,5844,5845,5847,5849],{},[32,5846,2057],{},[32,5848,2060],{},[32,5850,2063],{},[32,5852,2066,5853],{},[464,5854,5855,5857],{},[32,5856,2071],{},[32,5858,2074],{},[32,5860,2077],{},[24,5862,2290],{"id":2289},[29,5864,5865,5869,5873],{},[32,5866,5867,2298],{},[19,5868,2297],{},[32,5870,5871,2304],{},[19,5872,2303],{},[32,5874,2307],{},[589,5876,2311],{"id":2310},[29,5878,5879],{},[32,5880,5881,2319,5883],{},[19,5882,2318],{},[29,5884,5885,5887],{},[32,5886,2324],{},[32,5888,2327],{},[589,5890,2331],{"id":2330},[29,5892,5893,5897,5914],{},[32,5894,2336,5895,2340],{},[19,5896,2339],{},[32,5898,5899,5900],{},"Link kann sein …\n",[29,5901,5902,5906,5910],{},[32,5903,5904,2351],{},[19,5905,2350],{},[32,5907,5908,2357],{},[19,5909,2356],{},[32,5911,5912,2363],{},[19,5913,2362],{},[32,5915,2366,5916],{},[29,5917,5918,5920,5922],{},[32,5919,2371],{},[32,5921,2374],{},[32,5923,2377],{},[589,5925,2381],{"id":2380},[1908,5927,2385],{"id":2384},[464,5929,5930,5943,5954,5958,5962],{},[32,5931,5932,5933],{},"Hello Paket:\n",[29,5934,5935,5937,5939,5941],{},[32,5936,2398],{},[32,5938,2401],{},[32,5940,2404],{},[32,5942,2407],{},[32,5944,5945,5948],{},[19,5946,5947],{},"Database-Description-Paket (DBD):",[29,5949,5950,5952],{},[32,5951,2417],{},[32,5953,2420],{},[32,5955,5956,2426],{},[19,5957,2425],{},[32,5959,5960,2432],{},[19,5961,2431],{},[32,5963,5964,2438],{},[19,5965,2437],{},[1908,5967,2442],{"id":2441},[29,5969,5970,5972,5974,5982],{},[32,5971,2447],{},[32,5973,2450],{},[32,5975,2453,5976],{},[29,5977,5978,5980],{},[32,5979,2458],{},[32,5981,2461],{},[32,5983,2464],{},[1908,5985,2468],{"id":2467},[29,5987,5988,6000,6014],{},[32,5989,5990,5992],{},[19,5991,2475],{},[29,5993,5994,5996,5998],{},[32,5995,2480],{},[32,5997,2483],{},[32,5999,2486],{},[32,6001,6002,6004],{},[19,6003,2491],{},[29,6005,6006,6008,6010,6012],{},[32,6007,2496],{},[32,6009,2499],{},[32,6011,2502],{},[32,6013,2505],{},[32,6015,6016,6018],{},[19,6017,2510],{},[29,6019,6020,6022,6024],{},[32,6021,2515],{},[32,6023,2483],{},[32,6025,2520],{},[589,6027,2524],{"id":2523},[464,6029,6030,6040,6050,6060,6068],{},[32,6031,6032,6034],{},[19,6033,2531],{},[29,6035,6036,6038],{},[32,6037,2536],{},[32,6039,2539],{},[32,6041,6042,6044],{},[19,6043,2544],{},[29,6045,6046,6048],{},[32,6047,2549],{},[32,6049,2552],{},[32,6051,6052,6054],{},[19,6053,2557],{},[29,6055,6056,6058],{},[32,6057,2562],{},[32,6059,2565],{},[32,6061,6062,6064],{},[19,6063,2570],{},[29,6065,6066],{},[32,6067,2575],{},[32,6069,6070,6072],{},[19,6071,2580],{},[29,6073,6074],{},[32,6075,2585],{},[589,6077,2589],{"id":2588},[29,6079,6080,6084],{},[32,6081,6082,2597],{},[19,6083,2596],{},[32,6085,6086,2393,6088],{},[19,6087,2602],{},[29,6089,6090,6092,6094,6096],{},[32,6091,2607],{},[32,6093,2610],{},[32,6095,2613],{},[32,6097,72,6098],{},[29,6099,6100,6104,6108],{},[32,6101,6102,2623],{},[19,6103,2622],{},[32,6105,6106,2629],{},[19,6107,2628],{},[32,6109,6110,2635],{},[19,6111,2634],{},[589,6113,2639],{"id":2638},[1908,6115,6117],{"id":6116},"probem","Probem",[29,6119,6120,6122,6124],{},[32,6121,2648],{},[32,6123,2651],{},[32,6125,6126,6127],{},"Durch die Erstellung von Neighbor Ajacencies können viele Nachbarschaften entstehen => Unnötig\n",[29,6128,6129],{},[32,6130,2662],{},[1908,6132,2666],{"id":2665},[29,6134,6135,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155],{},[32,6136,2671,6137],{},[29,6138,6139,6141,6143,6145],{},[32,6140,2676],{},[32,6142,2679],{},[32,6144,2682],{},[32,6146,2685],{},[32,6148,2688],{},[32,6150,2691],{},[32,6152,2694],{},[32,6154,2697],{},[32,6156,6157],{},"Neuer DR (alter BDR) bleibt DR, auch wenn ursprünglicher DR wieder da ist > solange bis entweder ausfall, oder neues Bestimmen (händisch)",[589,6159,2701],{"id":2700},[29,6161,6162,6164,6166],{},[32,6163,2706],{},[32,6165,2709],{},[32,6167,6168,6169],{},"Jeder Router hat eine OSPF-Router-IDW\n",[29,6170,6171],{},[32,6172,2717,6173],{},[29,6174,6175,6177],{},[32,6176,2722],{},[32,6178,2725],{},[1908,6180,2729],{"id":2728},[464,6182,6183,6185,6187],{},[32,6184,2734],{},[32,6186,2737],{},[32,6188,2740],{},[29,6190,6191],{},[32,6192,2745],{},[589,6194,2749],{"id":2748},[29,6196,6197,6205],{},[32,6198,6199,2757,6201],{},[19,6200,2756],{},[29,6202,6203],{},[32,6204,2762],{},[32,6206,2765],{},[589,6208,2769],{"id":2768},[29,6210,6211,6213,6215,6217],{},[32,6212,2792],{},[32,6214,2795],{},[32,6216,2780],{},[32,6218,2783],{},[589,6220,2787],{"id":2786},[29,6222,6223,6225],{},[32,6224,2792],{},[32,6226,2795],{},[589,6228,2799],{"id":2798},[16,6230,6231],{},"Kosten:",[29,6233,6234,6240,6250,6254],{},[32,6235,2807,6236],{},[29,6237,6238],{},[32,6239,2812],{},[32,6241,2815,6242],{},[29,6243,6244,6247],{},[32,6245,6246],{},"Um bessere Leitungen zu priorisieren müssen die Kosten manuell konfiguriert werden",[32,6248,6249],{},"=> Kosten für 100M und 1G sollten höher sein als für 10G",[32,6251,6252,2825],{},[19,6253,2756],{},[32,6255,2828],{},[589,6257,2832],{"id":2831},[29,6259,6260,6262,6266,6268],{},[32,6261,2837],{},[32,6263,6264,2843],{},[19,6265,2842],{},[32,6267,2846],{},[32,6269,2849],{},[11,6271,2977],{"id":2976},[29,6273,6274,6276,6278,6282,6284,6294,6305],{},[32,6275,2982],{},[32,6277,2985],{},[32,6279,2988,6280,2992],{},[19,6281,2991],{},[32,6283,2995],{},[32,6285,2998,6286,3002,6288,3006,6290],{},[19,6287,3001],{},[19,6289,3005],{},[29,6291,6292],{},[32,6293,3011],{},[32,6295,6296,6297],{},"Ablauf:\n",[29,6298,6299,6301,6303],{},[32,6300,3021],{},[32,6302,3024],{},[32,6304,3027],{},[32,6306,3030,6307],{},[29,6308,6309,6311],{},[32,6310,3035],{},[32,6312,3038],{},[24,6314,3042],{"id":3041},[29,6316,6317,6319,6322],{},[32,6318,3047],{},[32,6320,6321],{},"Typischerweise am Ziel angewandt",[32,6323,3057],{},[589,6325,2081],{"id":2080},[29,6327,6328],{},[32,6329,3064],{},[1908,6331,6332],{"id":3067},"Nummerierte Standard ACL",[16,6334,3071,6335,3075,6337,3079,6339,3083,6341],{},[1767,6336,3074],{},[1767,6338,3078],{},[1767,6340,3082],{},[1772,6342,6343],{},[1767,6344,3088],{},[16,6346,3091],{},[16,6348,3094],{},[1908,6350,6351],{"id":3097},"Benannte Standard ACL",[16,6353,3101,6354],{},[1767,6355,3104],{},[16,6357,3107],{},[16,6359,3110,6360,3083,6362],{},[1767,6361,3082],{},[1772,6363,6364],{},[1767,6365,3088],{},[16,6367,3119],{},[16,6369,3122],{},[1908,6371,3126],{"id":3125},[16,6373,3129],{},[16,6375,3132],{},[16,6377,3135],{},[16,6379,3138],{},[16,6381,3141],{},[16,6383,3144,6384],{},[1772,6385,3088],{},[16,6387,3149],{},[24,6389,3153],{"id":3152},[29,6391,6392,6404,6411],{},[32,6393,3158,6394],{},[29,6395,6396,6398,6400,6402],{},[32,6397,3163],{},[32,6399,3166],{},[32,6401,3169],{},[32,6403,3172],{},[32,6405,6406,6407],{},"Typischerweise an der Quelle angewandt\n",[29,6408,6409],{},[32,6410,3184],{},[32,6412,3187],{},[589,6414,2081],{"id":3190},[29,6416,6417],{},[32,6418,3064],{},[1908,6420,3198],{"id":3197},[16,6422,3071,6423,3075,6425,3079,6427,3083,6430,3083,6436,3083,6439,3083,6445],{},[1767,6424,3074],{},[1767,6426,3078],{},[1767,6428,6429],{},"protocol source source-wildcard",[1772,6431,6432,3217,6434,3221],{},[1767,6433,3216],{},[1767,6435,3220],{},[1767,6437,6438],{},"destination destination-wildcard",[1772,6440,6441,3217,6443,3221],{},[1767,6442,3216],{},[1767,6444,3220],{},[1772,6446,3236],{},[16,6448,3239],{},[16,6450,3242],{},[1908,6452,3246],{"id":3245},[16,6454,3249],{},[16,6456,3252],{},[16,6458,3255,6459,3079,6461,3083,6463,3083,6469,3083,6471,3083,6477],{},[1767,6460,3078],{},[1767,6462,6429],{},[1772,6464,6465,3217,6467,3221],{},[1767,6466,3216],{},[1767,6468,3220],{},[1767,6470,6438],{},[1772,6472,6473,3217,6475,3221],{},[1767,6474,3216],{},[1767,6476,3220],{},[1772,6478,3236],{},[16,6480,3284],{},[16,6482,3287],{},[1908,6484,3126],{"id":3290},[16,6486,3293,6487,3221],{},[1767,6488,3074],{},[16,6490,3252],{},[16,6492,3300],{},[16,6494,3303,6495],{},[1767,6496,3306],{},[16,6498,3141],{},[16,6500,6501,3075,6503,3079,6505,3083,6507,3083,6513,3083,6515,3083,6521],{},[1767,6502,3313],{},[1767,6504,3078],{},[1767,6506,6429],{},[1772,6508,6509,3217,6511,3221],{},[1767,6510,3216],{},[1767,6512,3220],{},[1767,6514,6438],{},[1772,6516,6517,3217,6519,3221],{},[1767,6518,3216],{},[1767,6520,3220],{},[1772,6522,3236],{},[16,6524,3342],{},[24,6526,3346],{"id":3345},[589,6528,3350],{"id":3349},[16,6530,6531],{},"Enable",[16,6533,6534],{},"Configure terminal",[16,6536,6537],{},"Interface g0\u002F0\u002F0",[16,6539,3353,6540,3356,6542,3359],{},[1767,6541,3074],{},[1767,6543,3104],{},[16,6545,3362],{},[16,6547,3365],{},[11,6549,3418],{"id":3417},[29,6551,6552,6556,6558],{},[32,6553,6554,3425],{},[19,6555,2643],{},[32,6557,3428],{},[32,6559,6560,3433],{},[19,6561,2666],{},[24,6563,6565],{"id":6564},"vorteil","Vorteil",[29,6567,6568,6570,6574],{},[32,6569,3440],{},[32,6571,6572,3446],{},[19,6573,3445],{},[32,6575,3449],{},[24,6577,3453],{"id":3452},[29,6579,6580,6582,6584],{},[32,6581,3458],{},[32,6583,3461],{},[32,6585,3464],{},[24,6587,3468],{"id":3467},[29,6589,6590,6594,6598,6602,6606,6610,6614,6618,6622,6626],{},[32,6591,6592,3476],{},[19,6593,3475],{},[32,6595,6596,3482],{},[19,6597,3481],{},[32,6599,6600,3488],{},[19,6601,3487],{},[32,6603,6604,3494],{},[19,6605,3493],{},[32,6607,6608,3500],{},[19,6609,3499],{},[32,6611,6612,3506],{},[19,6613,3505],{},[32,6615,6616,3512],{},[19,6617,3511],{},[32,6619,6620,3518],{},[19,6621,3517],{},[32,6623,6624,3524],{},[19,6625,3523],{},[32,6627,6628,3529,6630],{},[19,6629,1911],{},[29,6631,6632,6638,6641],{},[32,6633,3534,6634],{},[29,6635,6636],{},[32,6637,3539],{},[32,6639,6640],{},"Externe globale Adresse (also Ziel-IP) ändert sich in der Regel nicht, da das Zielmeistens öffentlich ist. Extern global und extern lokal sind dann identisch",[32,6642,3545],{},[11,6644,3549],{"id":3548},[589,6646,3553],{"id":3552},[16,6648,6649],{},[315,6650],{"alt":317,"src":6651},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_19.png",[29,6653,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664],{},[32,6655,3563],{},[32,6657,3566],{},[32,6659,3569],{},[32,6661,3572],{},[32,6663,3575],{},[32,6665,3578],{},[589,6667,3582],{"id":3581},[16,6669,6670],{},[315,6671],{"alt":317,"src":6672},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_20.png",[29,6674,6675,6677,6679],{},[32,6676,3563],{},[32,6678,3594],{},[32,6680,3578],{},[589,6682,3600],{"id":3599},[16,6684,6685],{},[315,6686],{"alt":317,"src":6687},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_21.png",[29,6689,6690,6696,6722,6724],{},[32,6691,3610,6692],{},[29,6693,6694],{},[32,6695,3615],{},[32,6697,3618,6698],{},[29,6699,6700,6702,6710,6712,6714],{},[32,6701,3623],{},[32,6703,3626,6704],{},[29,6705,6706,6708],{},[32,6707,3631],{},[32,6709,3634],{},[32,6711,3637],{},[32,6713,3640],{},[32,6715,3643,6716],{},[29,6717,6718,6720],{},[32,6719,3648],{},[32,6721,3651],{},[32,6723,3654],{},[32,6725,3657],{},[24,6727,3661],{"id":3660},[86,6729,6730,6742],{},[89,6731,6732],{},[92,6733,6734,6738],{},[95,6735,6736],{},[19,6737,2864],{},[95,6739,6740],{},[19,6741,3676],{},[111,6743,6744,6752,6758],{},[92,6745,6746,6750],{},[116,6747,3683,6748],{},[1772,6749,3686],{},[116,6751,3689],{},[92,6753,6754,6756],{},[116,6755,3694],{},[116,6757,3697],{},[92,6759,6760,6762],{},[116,6761,3702],{},[116,6763,3705],{},[24,6765,3709],{"id":3708},[86,6767,6768,6784],{},[89,6769,6770],{},[92,6771,6772,6776,6780],{},[95,6773,6774],{},[19,6775,3720],{},[95,6777,6778],{},[19,6779,3725],{},[95,6781,6782],{},[19,6783,3730],{},[111,6785,6786,6794,6802],{},[92,6787,6788,6790,6792],{},[116,6789,507],{},[116,6791,3739],{},[116,6793,3742],{},[92,6795,6796,6798,6800],{},[116,6797,3747],{},[116,6799,3750],{},[116,6801,3753],{},[92,6803,6804,6806,6808],{},[116,6805,3758],{},[116,6807,3761],{},[116,6809,3764],{},[11,6811,3768],{"id":3767},[29,6813,6814,6818],{},[32,6815,6816,3776],{},[19,6817,3775],{},[32,6819,3779],{},[16,6821,6822],{},[315,6823],{"alt":317,"src":6824},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_22.png",[24,6826,3788],{"id":3787},[29,6828,6829,6831,6853],{},[32,6830,3793],{},[32,6832,6833,2393,6835],{},[19,6834,3798],{},[29,6836,6837,6839],{},[32,6838,3803],{},[32,6840,3806,6841],{},[29,6842,6843],{},[32,6844,3811,6845],{},[29,6846,6847,6849,6851],{},[32,6848,3816],{},[32,6850,3819],{},[32,6852,3822],{},[32,6854,6855,2393,6857],{},[19,6856,3827],{},[29,6858,6859,6861],{},[32,6860,3832],{},[32,6862,3835,6863],{},[29,6864,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875],{},[32,6866,3840],{},[32,6868,3843],{},[32,6870,3846],{},[32,6872,3849],{},[32,6874,3852],{},[32,6876,3855],{},[24,6878,3468],{"id":3858},[16,6880,6881],{},[315,6882],{"alt":317,"src":6883},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_23.png",[29,6885,6886,6890,6894,6898,6902,6906,6910,6914,6918,6922],{},[32,6887,6888,3871],{},[19,6889,3870],{},[32,6891,6892,3877],{},[19,6893,3876],{},[32,6895,6896,3883],{},[19,6897,3882],{},[32,6899,6900,3889],{},[19,6901,3888],{},[32,6903,6904,3895],{},[19,6905,3894],{},[32,6907,6908,3901],{},[19,6909,3900],{},[32,6911,6912,3907],{},[19,6913,3906],{},[32,6915,6916,3913],{},[19,6917,3912],{},[32,6919,6920,3919],{},[19,6921,3918],{},[32,6923,6924,3925],{},[19,6925,3924],{},[24,6927,3929],{"id":3928},[29,6929,6930],{},[32,6931,3934],{},[589,6933,3938],{"id":3937},[16,6935,6936],{},[315,6937],{"alt":317,"src":6938},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_24.png",[29,6940,6941,6943,6945],{},[32,6942,3948],{},[32,6944,3951],{},[32,6946,3954],{},[589,6948,3958],{"id":3957},[16,6950,6951],{},[315,6952],{"alt":317,"src":6953},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_25.png",[29,6955,6956,6962,6964],{},[32,6957,3968,6958],{},[29,6959,6960],{},[32,6961,3973],{},[32,6963,3976],{},[32,6965,3979],{},[589,6967,3983],{"id":3982},[16,6969,6970],{},[315,6971],{"alt":317,"src":6972},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_26.png",[29,6974,6975,6977,6979],{},[32,6976,3993],{},[32,6978,3996],{},[32,6980,3999],{},[589,6982,4003],{"id":4002},[16,6984,6985],{},[315,6986],{"alt":317,"src":6987},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_27.png",[29,6989,6990,6992,6994],{},[32,6991,4013],{},[32,6993,4016],{},[32,6995,4019],{},[589,6997,4023],{"id":4022},[16,6999,7000],{},[315,7001],{"alt":317,"src":7002},"\u002Fdownloads\u002FKNT\u002Fimages\u002Fap-zsmf_img_28.png",[29,7004,7005,7007],{},[32,7006,4033],{},[32,7008,4036],{},[11,7010,7012],{"id":7011},"vpn","VPN",[29,7014,7015,7018,7047],{},[32,7016,7017],{},"Virtual Privat Network",[32,7019,7020,7021],{},"Benefits:\n",[29,7022,7023,7029,7035,7041],{},[32,7024,7025,7028],{},[19,7026,7027],{},"Cost-Saving",": Da VPN-Router eine sehr hohe Bandbreite zueinander auf weißen ist es sehr kosten effizient dadurch eine hohe Bandbreite zu erreichen",[32,7030,7031,7034],{},[19,7032,7033],{},"Security",": wegen der vorgeschrittenen Verschlüsslung von VPN-Tunneln weißt du dieser ein hohes Level an Sicherheit auf",[32,7036,7037,7040],{},[19,7038,7039],{},"Scalability",": Es ist sehr einfach neue VPN-Clients und Router einem Bestehenden VPN-Netzwerk hinzuzufügen, dadurch ist das System sehr gut Skalierbar",[32,7042,7043,7046],{},[19,7044,7045],{},"Compatibility",": Durch die hohe Standardisierung des VPN-Systems können viele Clients und Router in der gesamten Welt funktionieren zusammen.",[32,7048,7049,7050],{},"Types:\n",[29,7051,7052,7066],{},[32,7053,7054,7055],{},"Site-to-Site VPN\n",[29,7056,7057],{},[32,7058,7059,7060,7063],{},"Das ist eine Verbindung von 2 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